2. WHAT ARE LITERARY DEVICES? LITERARY DEVICES ARE TECHNIQUES WRITERS USE TO ENGAGE THEIR READERS BEYOND THE LITERAL MEANING OF THE TEXT.

3. Alliteration Repetition of the same beginning sound in a sequence. Examples : Drew drew Drew Reshetar rides rollercoasters drowning in debt a sea of sea shells

4. Example #1: “From the time I was really little-maybe just few months old-words were like sweet, liquid gifts, and I drank them like lemonade.” ~Out of My Mind by Sharon Draper Example #2: Tongue Twisters are great examples of alliteration… Three grey geese in a green field grazing, Grey were the geese and green was the grazing.

5. Hyperbole A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect. An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally. Examples: I waited an eternity for summer to get here! He could have slept for a year. This book weighs a ton. Listen to the hyperbole of the next poem by Jack Prelutsky.

6. I am making a pizza the size of the sun, a pizza that’s sure to weigh more than a ton, a pizza too massive to pick up and toss, a pizza resplendent with oceans of sauce. I’m topping my pizza with mountains of cheese, with acres of peppers, pimentos, and peas, with mushrooms, tomatoes, and sausage galore, with every last olive they had at the store. My pizza is sure to be one of a kind, my pizza will leave other pizzas behind, my pizza will be a delectable treat that all who love pizza are welcome to eat. The oven is hot, I believe it will take a year and a half for my pizza to bake. I hardly can wait till my pizza is done, my wonderful pizza the size of the sun. Jack Prelutsky

7. Imagery Descriptive words or phrases that appeal to the 5 senses: sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell- creating a picture in the reader’s mind. What is the mental picture or image you are left with after reading the passage from “The Most Dangerous Game”

8. “He leaped upon the rail and balanced himself there, to get greater elevation; his pipe, striking a rope, was knocked from his mouth. He lunged for it; a short, hoarse cry came from his lips as he realized he had reached too far and had lost his balance. The cry was pinched off short as the blood-warm waters of the Caribbean Sea closed over his head.” “He struggle up to the surface and tried to cry out, but the wash from the speeding yacht slapped him in the face and the salt water in his open mouth made him gag.” “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell

9. Metaphor A figure of speech in which two things are compared, usually by saying one thing is another, or by substituting a more descriptive word for the more common or usual word that would be expected. Examples : the world's a stage he was a lion in battle drowning in debt a sea of troubles.

10. The Cafeteria The cafeteria is a jungle. Wild animals scrambling for food. Grunting like wild boars Stampeding to the line Devouring their prey Cleaning their paws and then returning to their dens. By: Alex Foster, Maura Grasshoff, Bridget Bradley, and Christa Michel

11. Onomatopoeia A figure of speech in which words are used to imitate sounds. Examples : crash buzz quack zoom

12. ONOMATOTODAY In the morning yawn, stretch to the bathroom scratch, blink in the shower scrub, splash to the closet whisk, rustle down the hall thump, creak in the kitchen clank, clink to the car click, slam on the road honk, screech at the office tick, ring out to lunch munch, slurp return home thug, moan on to bed shuffle, snore Cathy Christensen

13. Personification A figure of speech in which things or ideas are given human attributes. Examples : Dead leaves dance in the wind Blind justice Winter wrapped her cold fingers around me

14. “The high mountain wind coasted sighing through the pass and whistled on the edges big block of broken granite…” “A scar of green grass cut across the flat. And behind the flat another mountain rose, desolate with dead rocks and starving little black bushes…” “Flight” by John Steinbeck

15. Repetition A word or line that is repeated, usually to evoke an emotion or create a rhythm.

16. “There were so many important moments. If I’d missed the ticket, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t gone to the show, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t stuck around to see what Steve was up to, I wouldn’t be here. If I hadn’t stolen Madam Octa, I wouldn’t be here. If I’d said no to Mr. Crepsley’s offer, I wouldn’t be here. A world of “ifs”, but it made no difference. What was done was done. If I could go back in time…” ~Cirque Du Freak by Darren Shan

17. Rhyme The occurrence of the same sound at the end of two or more words. Examples : cat / hat desire / fire steak / fake

18. English is a Pain! (Pane) Rain, Reign, rein, English is a pain. Although the words Sound just alike The spelling’s not the same! Bee, Be, B I’d rather climb a tree Than learn to spell The same old word, Not just one way, but three! Sight, Site, Cite I try with all my might. No matter which I finally choose, It’s not the one that’s right! There, Their, They’re, Enough to make you swear. Too many ways To write one sound, I just don’t think it’s fair! To, Two, Too So what’s a kid to do? I think I’ll do To live on Mars And leave this mess with ewe! (you?) By Shirlee Curlee Bingham

19. Simile A figure of speech in which two things are compared using the word “like” or “as”. Examples : She felt like a wilted flower. The boy charged in the room like a bull! This class is like a 3 ring circus!

20. My Cat Eyes like a green-yellow crayon, Almost as bright as a ripe orange. My cat rules my heart and my actions. I am as a puppet on strings When he purrs against me Like I am a warm blanket heating him in the cold.

21. Pun The use of a word in a way that plays on its different meanings. Example: Noticing the bunch of bananas, the hungry gorilla went ape. I recently spent money on detergent to unclog my kitchen sink. It was money down the drain.

22. Symbolism The use of one thing to represent an idea. Example: A dove is a symbol of peace. The donkey symbolizes The elephant symbolize The flag the Democratic Party. the Republican Party. represents freedom.

23. IDIOM Idioms are phrases or expressions that have hidden meanings. The expressions don't mean exactly what the words say. They are NOT LITERAL. The language peculiar to a people or to a district, community, or class : dialectdialect Example: It’s raining cats and dogs. Things got a little out of hand. Does the cat have your tongue.

24. Language that conveys a certain idea by saying just the opposite. Examples: The Titanic was promoted as being 100% unsinkable; but, in 1912 the ship sank on its maiden voyage. You beg your parents to let you have a kitten, then you dis­cover you’re deathly aller­gic to them.

25. ANALOGY A comparison made between two things that may initially seem to have little in common Used for illustration and/or argument. Example: Hand is to glove : Foot is to sock Happy is to sad : Hot is to cold

26. ALLUSION Reference to a statement, person, place, event, or thing that is known from literature, history, religion, myth, politics, sports, science, or the arts Examples: "Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities".

27. Allusion: Ex: The students were sure that their teacher had drunk from the river Styx because of her complete inattention to their pranks. Your example—think of a recent example you’ve heard or seen in which someone references a well- known work

28. ASSONANCE: The repetition of vowel sounds. Example: Days wane away Each beach beast thinks he's the best beast The only other sound's the sweep

29. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost “He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound's the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.”

30. OXYMORON Two opposite words placed together in a phrase. Example: Same difference Awfully nice Deafening silence