1. Literature in the 18th Century main literary stream was Realism （现实主义） achievements in literature the first important dictionary of language was produced rapid development of prose lively drama with satirical comedies a big advance of novel with satire much used in writing major writers Jonathan Swift Robert Burns Daniel Defoe

2. Jonathan Swift (1667 — 1745 ）乔纳森. 斯威夫特 Irish-born novelist and prosaist / prose writer Gulliver ’ s Travels 《格里弗游记》 (1726)

3. Fill in the following table about Robert Burns

4. birth yearbirth Place Year of deathFamily status first love Name effect on him 1759 Scotland 1796 poor Nelly Kirkpatrick Encouraged him to start writing poetry To a Mouse 《致小鼠》 To a Louse 《致虱子》 Holy Willie ’ s Prayer 《圣威利的祈祷》 A Red, Red Rose (1794) 《一朵红红的玫瑰》 Comin’ thro’ the Rye 《穿越麦田》 Auld Lang Syne Auld Lang Syne (1788) 《友谊地久天长》 major poems major sons Robert Burns 罗伯特. 彭斯

5. I wish my love was a red red rose 愿我的爱是一朵红红的玫瑰 O my love is like a red, red rose, 啊，我的爱人象红红的玫瑰， That’s newly sprung in June; 在六月里苞放； O my love is like the melody, 啊，我的爱人象一支乐曲， That’s sweetly played in tune. 乐声美妙、悠扬。 As fair thou art, my bonie lass, 你那么美，漂亮的姑娘； So deep in love am I; 我爱你那么深切； And I will love thee still, my dear, 我会永远爱你，亲爱的， A Red, Red Rose

6. Till a´ the seas gang dry. 一直到四海涸竭。 Till a´ the sea gang dry, my dear, 直到四海涸竭，亲爱的， And the rock melt wi´ the sun; 直到太阳把岩石消融！ And I will love thee still, my dear, 我会永远爱你，亲爱的， While the sands o´ life shall run. 只要生命无穷。 And fare thee weel, my only love, 再见吧，我唯一的爱人， And fare thee weel a while; 再见吧，小别片刻； And I will come again, my love, 我会回来的，我的爱人， Tho´s it were ten thousand mile! 即使万里相隔！

7. Daniel Defoe (1660 — 1731) 丹尼尔. 迪福 novelist who discovered the modern novel “ Father of English and European Novels ” turned to writing novels nearly 60 years old major works  Robinson Crusoe (1719) 《鲁滨逊漂流 记》  Moll Flanders (1722) 《摩尔. 弗兰德斯》

8. the 19th Century Literature the Romantic Age (1798 —— 1832) more concerned with imagination and feeling major forms —— poetry & novel Victoria Period a new literary trend of Critical Realism （批判现实主义） major form —— novel

9. the Romantic Age in the 19th Century (1798 — 1832) Romantic Poets of the First Generation —— Lakers / Lake Poets ( 湖畔派 ) William Wordsworth (1770 —— 1850) 威廉. 华兹华斯 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 —— 1834) 塞缪尔. 泰勒. 柯勒律 治 They offered romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence” Romantic Poets of the Second Generation George Gordon Byron (1788 —— 1824) 乔治. 戈登. 拜伦 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 —— 1822) 珀西. 比希. 雪莱 John Keats (1795 —— 1821) 约翰. 济慈 They brought the Romantic Movement to its height Novelist in the Romantic Age Mary Shelley 玛丽. 雪莱 Walter Scott (1771 —— 1832) 沃尔特. 斯各特

10. Lakers / Lake Poets ( 湖畔派 ) William Wordsworth (1770 — — 1850) 威廉. 华兹华斯 The Prelude 《序曲》 (1850) Daffodils 《黄水仙》 (1804) My Heart Leaps up When I Behold 《我的心激动起来》 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 《独自云游》 Samuel Taylor Coleridge(1772 —— 1834) 塞缪尔. 泰勒. 柯勒律治 The Time of Ancient Mariner 《古舟子咏》 (1798) Lyrical Ballads 《抒 情歌谣集》 (1798)

11. Romantic Poets of the Second Generation George Gordon Byron (1788 —— 1824) 乔治. 戈登. 拜伦 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1809 —1818) 《恰尔 德. 哈罗德游记》 Don Juan (1818 — 1823) 《唐. 璜》 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 —— 1822) 珀西. 比希. 雪莱 Ode to the West Wind (1820) 《西风颂》 To a Skylark (1820) 《致云雀》 Defense of Poetry (1821) 《诗辩》 Adonais (1821) 《阿多尼》 John Keats (1795 —— 1821) 约翰. 济慈 Ode on a Grecian Urn (1820) 《希腊古翁》 Ode to a Nightingale (1820) 《夜莺颂》

12. Novelist in the Romantic Age Mary Shelley 玛丽. 雪莱 Frankenstein (1818) 《弗兰肯斯坦》 Walter Scott (1771 —— 1832) 沃尔特. 斯各特 born in Edinburgh Father of Historical Novels his literary career marks the transition from Romanticism to Realism in English literature of the 19th century major works Waverley (1814) 《威福利》 —— first novel Rob Roy (1817) 《罗布. 罗伊》 —— best-known novel on history of Scotland Ivanhoe (1819) 《艾. 凡赫》 —— the best-known novel on English history

13. Critical Realist Novelists in Victorian Age Jane Austen (1775 —— 1817) 简. 奥斯丁 the first English woman novelist born in Hampshire, England educated at home subtle characterization and controlled studies of manners in her writing major novels Sense and Sensibility (1811) 《理智与情感》 Pride and Prejudice (1813) 《傲慢与偏见》 Emma (1816) 《爱玛》

14. The Brontë Sisters the most famous literary family three daughters of the vicar of a village church born in Yorkshire Charlotte Brontë (1816-1855) 夏洛蒂. 勃 朗特 Emily Brontë (1818-1848) 埃米莉. 勃朗特 Anne Brontë (1820-1849) 安妮. 勃朗特

15. Jane Eyre (1847) 《简. 爱》 the form of autobiographies a work of critical realism the first and one of the most popular works of the working middle- class women the first governess novel in the history of English literature Charlotte Brontë (1816- 1855) 夏洛蒂. 勃朗特

16. Jane Eyre ’ s development five distinct stages of development (5 particular place) Jane’s childhood at Gateshead （盖茨海德） her education at the Lowood School （罗沃德学校） her time as governess at Thornfield （桑菲尔德） her time with the Rivers family at Moor House （沼 泽居） her reunion with and marriage to Rochester at Ferndean （芬丁庄园）

19. Wuthering Heights (1847) 《呼啸山庄》 one of the most intense novels written in the English language a story of doomed love and revenge The protagonists are characterized as figures of violent emotions and typical Yorkshire characters Emily Brontë (1818- 1848) 埃米莉. 勃朗特

20. Charles Dickens (1812 —— 1870) 查尔斯. 狄更斯 the greatest representative of English critical novelist in the 19th century wrote 14 novels and many other short stories in his lifetime realistic and humorous style vivid picture of life of ordinary people, showing sympathy for the poor

22. Novelists in Late 19th Century Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 —— 1894) 罗伯特. 路 易斯. 斯蒂文森 wrote Scottish historical romances masterpieces The adventures in Treasure Island 《金银岛》 Kidnapped 《绑架》 The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde 《吉基尔医生 和海德医生》 Thomas Hardy (1840 —— 1928) 托马斯. 哈代 a novelist and prose writer of 19th century a first-class poet of 20th century major works The Return of the Native (1878) 《还乡记》 Tess of the D’Urbervilles (1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》 Jude the Obscure (1895) 《无名的裘德》

23. the 20th Century Literature historical background  complex century with wars and revolutions  development of science promoted the literature  the Commonwealth of Nations replaced the British Empire two stylistic period of the 20th Century Literature  Modernism （现代主义 ）  Postmodernism （后现代主义）

24. Modernist Writers Joseph Conrad （约瑟夫. 康拉德） Polish-born English novelist and short-story writer The Hear of Darkness (1902) 《黑暗的中心》 《现代启示录》

25. Critical Novels of the Modernism David. Herbert. Lawrence (1885—1930) 大卫. 赫伯 特. 劳伦斯 Sons and Lovers 《儿子们与情人们》 (1913)—— the most popular The Rainbow 《虹》 (1915) —— the best Women in Love 《恋爱中的女人》 (1920) A Passage to India 《印度之行》 (1924)— his most notable book Howard’s End 《霍华德庄园》 E.M.Forster 爱. 摩. 福斯 特 (1879 —— 1970)

26. writings with “stream of consciousness” （意识流） a writing technique used in works of modernism the apparently unorganized flow of thought onto passage major writers  James Joyce (1882 —— 1941) （詹姆斯. 乔伊斯） an Irish writer the founder of Stream of Consciousness Ulysses 《尤利西斯》  Virginia Woolf (1882 —— 1941) （弗吉尼亚. 吾尔夫）

27. Virginia Woolf （弗吉尼亚. 吾尔夫） (1882 —— 1941) one of the most famous novelists of the 20th century concerned with the individual female consciousness major works Mrs. Dalloway (1925) 《戴 洛维夫人》 To the Lighthouse (1927) 《到 灯塔去》 Orlando (1928) 《奥兰多》 Novels critics of the feminist movement A Room of One’s Own 《自己的房间》 Three Guineas 《三个基尼》

28. Postmodernism in British Literature in the 20th Century appeared in the post-war period writers were called “Angry Yong Men” （愤怒的青年） depressing stories a mixture of cultures on a grand scale

29. major writers of “Angry Yong Men” George Orwell 乔治. 奥威尔 began the Postmodernism 1984 (written in 1948) John Fowles (1926 —— 2005) 约翰. 福尔斯 The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1968) 《法国上尉的 女人》 Nobel Prize winner in Literature in 1983 Lord of the Flies (1954) 《蝇王》 The Spire (1964) 《塔 尖》 John Braine (1922 —— ) 约翰. 布莱恩 Kingsley Amis (1922 —— 1995) 金斯利. 艾米斯 Margaret Drabble (1939 —— ) 玛格丽特. 德莱布尔 William Golding (1911 —— 1994) 威廉. 戈尔丁

30. Spy Fictions in Post-war Period Graham Greene (1904 —— 1991) 格雷厄姆. 格林 Babbling April (1925) 《喧哗四月》 —— the first poetry John Le Carre (1931 —— ) 约翰. 勒卡雷 The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963) 《冷战间谍》 Ian Fleming (1908 —— 1964) 伊恩. 弗莱明 James Bond stories (007)