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Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is meant by the term muscular endurance?

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Presentation on theme: "Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is meant by the term muscular endurance?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is meant by the term muscular endurance?

2 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Muscular endurance means: Muscles can work for long periods before becoming fatigued. This happens because the energy systems of your muscle cells are improved.

3 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is the main way to improve muscular endurance?

4 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer The main way to improve muscular endurance is by resistance training. doing resistance training in a specific way (high reps, low weights).

5 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is meant by the term muscular strength?

6 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Muscular strength is the amount of force a muscle can produce (usually assessed using low reps).

7 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is meant by the term hypertrophy?

8 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Muscular hypertrophy is an increase in size of the muscle fibers. happens as a result of resistance training involving heavy weights and low repetitions.

9 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is meant by the term atrophy?

10 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Muscular atrophy or disuse atrophy is a decrease in the mass of the muscle. it can be a partial or complete wasting of muscle. when a muscle atrophies, this leads to muscle weakness, since the ability to exert force is related to mass.

11 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question Name the three types of muscles your body has.

12 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Your body has three types of muscles: Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

13 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What are smooth muscles and cardiac muscles?

14 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Smooth muscles make up the walls of internal organs, such as the stomach and blood vessels. Your heart is made of cardiac muscle. Both smooth and cardiac muscles are classified as involuntary muscles because you cannot consciously control their movements.

15 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer (cont.) skeletal muscle is voluntarily controlled. most skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendons. skeletal muscle is made up of individual components known as muscle fibers.

16 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What are muscle fibers?

17 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer single large cells formed by the fusion of many individual cells during development. Most of the cytoplasm consists of myofibrils, which are cylindrical bundles of two types of filaments: thick filaments of myosin and thin filaments of actin. Each myofibril is organized as a chain of contractile units called sarcomeres.

18 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What are the different types of fibers in skeletal muscle called?

19 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer The different types of skeletal muscle fibers are classified as fast-twitch, slow-twitch, and intermediate. Slow-twitch fibers –contract at a slow rate. –generate less force than fast-twitch fibers. –can resist fatigue.

20 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer (continued) Fast-twitch fibers –contract fast. –generate more force when they contract. –are important for strength activities. Intermediate fibers have characteristics of both slow- and fast-twitch fibers. –These fibers contract fast and have good endurance.

21 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is actin and myosin?

22 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Actin filaments, usually in association with myosin, are responsible for muscle contraction. Myosin is the prototype of a molecular motor—a protein that converts chemical energy in the form of ATP to mechanical energy, thus generating force and movement. Animation of actin and myosin: http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__myofilament_contraction.html

23 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is an isotonic contraction?

24 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer A muscle contracts and changes length (gets shorter or longer).

25 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What are concentric and eccentric isotonic contractions?

26 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Eccentric contraction—the muscle lengthens under tension. Example: lowering a dumbell slowly eccentrically contracts the biceps.

27 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer (continued) Concentric contraction—the muscle shortens under tension (natural movement). Example: curling a dumbell concentrically contracts the biceps.

28 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What is an isometric contraction?

29 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer Isometric movements involve no lengthening or shortening of the muscle.

30 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What factors influence the strength of a muscle?

31 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer The strength of a muscle depends on several factors: how well trained a person is, the speed of the movement being performed, the angle of the joint during a specific lift, age, sex, and heredity (the types of muscle fibers you have).

32 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Question What types of equipment are available to do progressive resistance exercises?

33 Lesson 11.1: Muscle Fitness Basics Answer The types of equipment available: Resistance machines (isotonic) Free weights (isotonic) Inexpensive equipment for isometric exercises, such as a wall, a towel, or a rope


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