1. Prof. Alfred J Bird, Ph.D., NBCT http://www.cs.umb.edu/~abird abird@cs.umb.edu Office – Science 3rd floor – S-03-130 Office Hours – Monday and Thursday 3:00PM to 4:00PM

2.  Seven Levels  7 – Application  6 – Presentation  5 – Session  4 – Transport  3 – Network  2 – Data Link  1 - Physical

3.  4 – Applications  3 – Transport  2 – Internet  1 – Network Interface

4.  568-B.1 – Commercial Cabling Standards  568-B.2 – Twisted Pair Media Standards  568-B.3 – Optical Fiber Cabling Standards

5.  In this field light means any kind of Electromagnetic Radiation  What is Electromagnetic Radiation?  What radio station do you listen to?  WGBH 99.5 means the signal goes up and down about 99500000 times a second.  Commercial Power (120v) in the US goes up and down exactly 60 times per second.  X-Rays go up and down about 1000000000000000000 times per second.

7.  Wavelength – the distance between two similar points on the wave.  Frequency – The time it takes for a wave to complete one complete cycle of the wave.  Wave Speed is equal to the Frequency multiplied by the Wavelength.  In symbols: v = f * λ  Pay attention to the units.

8.  It is difficult and confusion to write large and small numbers with a lot of zeros.  We have a method called scientific notation to simplify this problem  300000000 = 3x10 8 .0000000000000000000000602 = 6.02X10 -23  In computer sense do this as 3E8 or 6.02E-23

10.  Speed of light in a vacuum 3x10 8 m/s or 1.86X10 5 mi/s  WBZ – 1030kHz  λ = v/f : 300000000m/s ÷ 1030000hz ≈ 300m  λ = v/f : 300Mm/s ÷ 1.03Mhz ≈ 300m  Red Light – 400Thx  λ = v/f : 300000000m/s ÷ 4000000000hz ≈.0000000075m  λ = v/f : 300Mm/s ÷ 4Tm/s ≈ 750nM

13.  Extremely wide system bandwidth  Immunity to electrostatic interference  Elimination of crosstalk  Lower signal attenuation  Lower costs  Safety  Corrosion  Security

14.  Speed of Light  Varies with the Medium  Reflection  Refraction  Index of Refraction  Core  Cladding  Protective Jacket

15.  Optical fiber cabling

16.  The modulator changes the electrical signals into light pulses.  There are two primary types of light sources:  Diode Lasers (DLs)  Distributed Feedback Lasers (DFBs)  Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex (DWDMs)  Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs)  Tunable Lasers  Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

20.  Converts the light back into electrical signals.  Important Characteristics:  Responsivity  Response speed  Spectral response

21.  Fusion splicing  Mechanical splices

24.  Attenuation  Scattering  Absorption  Macrobending  Microbending  Dispertion

25.  SONET/SDH – Standards  Increase in network reliability  Network management  Defining methods for synchronous multiplexing of digital signals  Defining a set of generic operating/equipment standards  Flexible architecture

28.  You cannot see IR light but it can still hurt you!  Lasers concentrate EM radiation!  Light beams will fan out from open connections!  Light beams will fan out from broken cables!