1. What is Matter?

2. Gas, Liquid and Solids are physically different Gases Particles are always in motion Expands to fill available space Gas exerts PRESSURE against its container Dry ice container good example

3. Solids Rigid structure Does not need a container Particles are held closely together but vibrate

4. Liquids Particles not held has closely together as solids Particles have freedom to move Liquids spread out Viscosity Resistance to flow Rate of spreading out

5. Matter All materials that you can hold or touch are matter Light, sound and electricity are not matter

6. Not Matter

7. Atoms are matter Elements are the basic material of all matter Atoms make up elements

8. Two or more elements combine chemically to make a compound Elements combine to make compounds Nylon is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen atoms Compounds have unique properties from their elements

9. A molecule acts as a unit Molecule Smallest unit of a substance that acts like a substance Water- 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom Separately they are gases Most molecules made of different atoms Some molecules made of same atom Page 40 figure 2-5

10. Chemical formulas represent compounds and molecules Subscript give number of atoms of each element C 16 H 10 N 2 O 2 - one molecule of the compound of Indigo 3C 16 H 10 N 2 O 2 -3 molecules of the compound of Indigo

11. Pure Substance or Mixture Pure Substance Matter with fixed composition and definite properties Water

12. Mixture Made up of many different pure substances Grape juice Made up of water, sugar,acids and vitamins which are pure substances Heterogeneous mixture Ingredients are not evenly mixed Ingredients can be identified Flour in water

13. Homogeneous Mixture Salt and water Components are not easily identified Gasoline Air Carbonated drinks Miscible – mixes well –gas made of 100 compounds that blend together Immiscible –does not mix well- oil and water

14. Gases can mix with liquids Water left over night may have bubbles the next day Bubbles caused by air dissolving in water Soda has gas forced into it