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Protozoan Diseases A. Basic Properties of Protozoa B. Amebiasis C. Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis D. Giardiasis E. Trichomoniasis F. Balantidiasis.

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Presentation on theme: "Protozoan Diseases A. Basic Properties of Protozoa B. Amebiasis C. Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis D. Giardiasis E. Trichomoniasis F. Balantidiasis."— Presentation transcript:

1 Protozoan Diseases A. Basic Properties of Protozoa B. Amebiasis C. Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis D. Giardiasis E. Trichomoniasis F. Balantidiasis G. Toxoplasmosis H. Malaria I. Cryptosporidiosis J. Pneumocystosis

2 A.Basic Properties of Protozoa
Cellular properties Eukaryotic microorganisms having animal-like cells No cell walls Most have heterotrophic metabolisms A few protozoa (eg Euglena) are photosynthetic

3 A.Basic Properties of Protozoa
Cellular properties (cont.) Many are free-living in soil or aquatic environments; a few are parasitic Single-celled or simple colonial organization Classification based predominately on the mechanism of motility

4 A.Basic Properties of Protozoa
Classification Class Sarcodina Motile by pseudopodia & amoeboid movement Amebas, radiolaria, and foraminifera Examples: Amoeba Entamoeba histolytica Naegleria fowleri

5 A.Basic Properties of Protozoa
Classification (cont.) Class Mastigophora Motile by flagella Examples: Euglena Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis

6 A.Basic Properties of Protozoa
Classification (cont.) Class Ciliophora Motile by cilia Examples: Paramecium Balantidium coli

7 A.Basic Properties of Protozoa
Classification (cont.) Class Sporozoa A class of parasitic protozoa Most have complex life cycles with both sexual & asexual stages Adult forms are nonmotile Examples: Plasmodium Toxoplasma gondii

8 A.Basic Properties of Protozoa
“Trophozoite” and “Cyst” Some protozoa go through different stages in their life cycle. This is especially true of certain parasitic protozoa. Trophozoite: Actively growing and reproducing stage Cyst: A dormant stage, enclosed in a resistant cyst coat

9 B. Amebiasis Cause: Entamoeba histolytica
A parasitic ameba; class Sarcodina Transmitted via contaminated food & water Cysts are shed in the feces When ingested: Excystation occurs in the intestine Trophozoites grow & reproduce in the intestinal tract

10 B. Amebiasis Symptoms Abdominal pain
Little diarrhea but often blood in the stool (“amebic dysentery”) Possibly of intestinal ulceration; perforation; infection of internal organs such as liver & lungs

11 C. Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
Cause: Naegleria fowleri A fresh water, free living ameba No cyst stage Several cases of infections in swimmers Transmission and Symptoms: Transmission through the nasal & sinus passages Infection of the brain & meninges Headaches; delirium; seizures

12 D. Giardiasis Cause: Giardia lamblia
A flagellate of class Mastigophora The trophozoite has four pairs of flagella & two nuclei; giving it a face-like appearance Grows in the intestinal tract Cysts are shed in the feces

13 E. Trichomoniasis Cause: Trichomonas vaginalis Transmission & Symptoms
Flagellate of the class Mastigophora No cyst stage Transmission & Symptoms Transmitted via sexual contact Genital itching Painful urination with a white, mucoid discharge Occasional reduction of sperm count or erosion of the cervix

14 F. Balantidiasis Cause: Balantidium coli Transmission & Symptoms
Ciliated, in Class Ciliophora Trophozoites grow in the intestinal tract Cysts are shed in the feces and may remain embedded in intestinal walls, causing chronic infections Transmission & Symptoms Contaminated water & food Ulceration in intestines Profuse diarrhea

15 G. Toxoplasmosis Cause: Toxoplasma gondii In Class Sporozoa
Both asexual & sexual stages Invasion of several areas of the body, including internal organs & muscle tissue Possibly the most prevalent protozoan parasite of humans

16 G. Toxoplasmosis Transmission & Symptoms (cont.)
Generally mild in non-immunosuppressed persons Severe infections in immunosuppressed persons Pregnant women are in danger of fetal damage or miscarriage

17 H. Malaria Cause: Plasmodium species In Class Sporozoa
Complex life cycle requiring two hosts: a mammal (human) and the mosquito Anopheles

18 H. Malaria Transmission and Symptoms (cont.)
The sexual stage of Plasmodium develops in the human host and is picked up by a mosquito The sexual stage is completed in the salivary gland of the mosquito to complete the cycle Treatment by quinine & other antimalarial drugs

19 J. Pneumocystosis Cause: Pneumocystis carinii
Usually classified as a protozoan of class Sporozoa, but recent evidence suggests that it may be a fungus Transmission and Symptoms Transmitted by airborne contact Usually asymptomatic or with mild respiratory symptoms Causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised persons A major secondary infection & cause of death in AIDS patients

20 I. Cryptosporidiosis Cause: Cryptosporidium species
In class Sporozoa A common protozoan parasite in humans Transmission and Symptoms Contaminated water Mild diarrhea in non-immunosuppressed persons Severe diarrhea in immunosuppressed persons


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