1. A Review BONDING

2. BONDING REVIEW 1. Be able to determine the valence electrons of representative elements using the periodic table. (Do not worry about transition or rare earth elements.) Group 11 valence Group 22 valence Group 133 valence Group 144 valence You get the idea…..

3. BONDING REVIEW 2. Differentiate between the properties of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds. BONDGENERALLYTRANSFERPROPERTIESEXAMPLE FORMED BTWNOR SHARE E-OF BOND TYPE high melting pt metal andhard crystalKCl IONIC nonmetaltransfergood e- conductorNaF as a liquid low melting pt nonmetal andbrittlediatomic COVALENT nonmetalsharepoor conductorhydrogen any timewater carbon dioxide high melting pt metal andflexiblesterling silver METALLIC metalsharegood conductor14 karat gold of heat and electricity always

4. BONDING REVIEW

5. 3. Given two atoms involved in a bond, determine if the bond is ionic or covalent using just the positions of the elements on the PERIODIC TABLE. Be able to do for any compound. metal + nonmetal = ionic nonmetal + nonmetal = covalent metal + metal = metallic

6. BONDING REVIEW 4. Predict the type of bond formed (ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent) using ELECTRONEGATIVITY VALUES. Be able to do for any compound. <0.5nonpolar covalent 0.5 to 1.67polar covalent > 1.67ionic

7. BONDING REVIEW 5. Use the VSEPR theory to explain the basic shapes of simple molecules. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory is based on the number of regions of high electron density around a central atom. can be used to predict structures of molecules or ions by minimizing the electrostatic repulsion between the regions of high electron density. can also be used to predict structures of molecules or ions that contain multiple bonds or unpaired electrons.

8. BONDING REVIEW 6. Be able to identify the basic shapes of simple molecules from their chemical formula - linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent. Be able to fill out the chart you have had for homework and for lab. You will see it on the test.

9. BONDING REVIEW 7. Be able to identify the polarity of simple molecules. (Not the polarity of the bond, but the polarity of the whole molecule.) Terminal Atoms alikeTerminal Atoms different Linearnonpolarpolar Trigonal planarnonpolarpolar Tetrahedralnonpolarpolar Pyramidalpolarpolar Bentpolarpolar

10. BONDING REVIEW 8. Describe hybrid orbitals and be able to determine the hybridization of the central atom involved in bonding. You have three choices: - linear1 s and 1 p=sp usually 2A group elements - trigonal planar 1 s and 2 p=sp 2 usually 3A group elements - tetrahedral1 s and 3 p=sp 3 usually 4A group elements