1. Roman Expansion Rome expanded their republic by conquering neighbors and making alliances.  Rome’s strong army was organized into legions.  Each legion contained 5,000 soldiers called legionaries.  Legions could be divided into groups of 60-120 soldiers called maniples.

2. Carthage

3. The Punic Wars The Punic Wars are 3 wars between Rome and Carthage that spanned 100 years. The 3rd Punic War 149-143 BCE: Rome defeated Carthage. (Africa, Corsica, Sardinia) The 2 nd Punic War 218-201 BCE: Hannibal Barca entered Italy from the Alps. (Spain) The 1st Punic War 264-241 BCE: Rome developed its Navy to beat Carthage on the Mediterranean. (Sicily)

4. Hannibal Carthage lost, and gave up Spain and their territories to Rome. Hannibal came to Rome’s wall, but couldn’t enter Rome. Hannibal raided and burned Roman villages for 15 years. Hannibal returned to Carthage when Rome attacked his homeland.

5. Effects of Conquest Small farms were destroyed by Hannibal’s raids. Patricians purchased farms and created latifundias (large estates). Slavery expanded in Rome, taking jobs. Plebeians and farmers moved to cities. Rome demanded taxes from conquered territories. The gap between the rich and poor grew!!