1. WWI: Conclusion

2. March Offensive The Americans had not yet arrived en masse by the spring of 1918, so in March the Germans launch a last ditch offensive The Americans had not yet arrived en masse by the spring of 1918, so in March the Germans launch a last ditch offensive They almost reach Paris, and gain territory not held since 1914 They almost reach Paris, and gain territory not held since 1914 However, by July the Allied counter- offensive is launched and permanently turns the tide in their favor However, by July the Allied counter- offensive is launched and permanently turns the tide in their favor

3. Road to Surrender While the Allies (Entente Powers) were bolstered psychologically and physically through victories and the arrival of new troops, the Central Powers were slowly bowing out of the war. While the Allies (Entente Powers) were bolstered psychologically and physically through victories and the arrival of new troops, the Central Powers were slowly bowing out of the war.

4. Road to Surrender Austria-Hungary surrendered Austria-Hungary surrendered on November 4, 1918 On November 7, Kaiser On November 7, Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated (gave up Wilhelm abdicated (gave up his throne) and fled to Holland his throne) and fled to Holland

5. Road to Surrender A new Republican Government was set up in Berlin. They accepted peace based on Wilson’s terms A new Republican Government was set up in Berlin. They accepted peace based on Wilson’s terms At 11 o’clock, on the 11 th day, of the 11 th month, the guns on the Western front fell silent At 11 o’clock, on the 11 th day, of the 11 th month, the guns on the Western front fell silent The end came “not with a bang, but with a whimper” The end came “not with a bang, but with a whimper”

6. Paris Peace Conference Lasted from January 1919 – January 1920 Lasted from January 1919 – January 1920 Thirty Allied nations were given seats at the conference Thirty Allied nations were given seats at the conference The defeated nations were not given any status at the negotiations, their fate would be decided for them by the victors The defeated nations were not given any status at the negotiations, their fate would be decided for them by the victors

7. The Big Three David Lloyd George (PM of UK), George Clemenceau (President of France), and Woodrow Wilson (President of USA)

8. The Paris Peace Conference Four empires crumbled: German, Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman Four empires crumbled: German, Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman Various delegations representing different nationalities came to make their case before the council Various delegations representing different nationalities came to make their case before the council Emir Faisal who petitioned for the creation of independent Arab states. T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) to his right.

9. Greece’s Demands Countries would often make far reaching demands for territory that previously belonged to the defeated parties Countries would often make far reaching demands for territory that previously belonged to the defeated parties

10. Treaty of Versailles On June 28, 1919 the Treaty of Versailles between the Entente Powers and Germany was officially signed On June 28, 1919 the Treaty of Versailles between the Entente Powers and Germany was officially signed Palace of Versailles in Paris, France

11. The World at War!!!

12. Effects of the War More than 9 million soldiers dead…civilian losses unknown More than 9 million soldiers dead…civilian losses unknown German 1.8 m, France 1.4 m, A-H 1.2 m, UK 1 m, Russia 0.6 m, Italy 0.5 m, Serbia 360,000, Ottomans 350,000 German 1.8 m, France 1.4 m, A-H 1.2 m, UK 1 m, Russia 0.6 m, Italy 0.5 m, Serbia 360,000, Ottomans 350,000 ~15 million wounded ~15 million wounded ~250,000 horses killed! ~250,000 horses killed!

13. Effects of the War Austria-Hungary, Russian and the Ottoman Empires are divided into independent nations Austria-Hungary, Russian and the Ottoman Empires are divided into independent nations 10 new European nations are created: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland. 10 new European nations are created: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland.

15. Effects of the War Balance of Power, both political Balance of Power, both political and economic, shifted to USA and economic, shifted to USA from Europe (UK) from Europe (UK) League of Nations is set up in Geneva League of Nations is set up in Geneva