1. MEGAN MCINTOSH NOVEMBER 30 TH, 2015 OISE APA Citation Workshop

2. Introducing Citations in Text Know your source  What type of publication?  Who is speaking? Paraphrasing and Direct Citations Source: Mohawk College (n.d.) How to using citing and paraphrasing to avoid plagiarism. Retrieved from: http://www.mohawkcollege.ca/Assets/Communications+Centre/OnLine+Workshops/APA+Citing+and+Paraphr asing.ppt

3. In-Text Citations: The Basics Books  Author: James Paul Gee  Book Title: An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method, 2 nd Ed.  Year: 2005  Publisher: Routledge  Place: New York, NY  Page: 8

4. The Basics “language has meaning only in and through social practices” Author in Text: Challenging the autonomous view of literacy, Gee (2005) suggests “language has meaning only in and through social practices” (p. 8). Direct Quote: The notion that “language has meaning only in and through social practices” (Gee, 2005, p. 8) challenges the autonomous view of literacy. Paraphrase: Gee (2005) believes social practices are essential to language meaning, which rejects the autonomous view of literacy. Gee, J.P. (2005). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method ( 2 nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

5. Chapters in an Edited Volume Book Title: Students writing in the university: cultural and epistemological issue Editors: C. Jones, J. Turner & B. Street Author of Chapter: T. Lillis Chapter Title: Whose ‘common sense’? Essayist literacy and the institutional practice of mystery Pages: 125-147 Year: 1999 In text citation: Given the invisibility of academic writing conventions for students, Lillis (1999) describes academic writing and its ‘common sense’ conventions as an “institutional practice of mystery” (p.127). Reference: Lillis, T. (1999). Whose ‘common sense’? Essayist literacy and the institutional practice of mystery. In C. Jones, J. Turner & B. Street. (Eds.). Students writing in the university: cultural and epistemological issues (pp.125-147). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

6. Journal Articles and Multiple Authors Journal Article: Harris, M. & Silva, T. (1993). Tutoring ESL students: Issues and options. College Composition and Communication, 44(4), 525-537. In Parentheses: (Harris & Silva, 1993, p. 528). Reference in text: Harris and Silva (1993) argue… Three to Five Authors: Saylor, J. G., Alexander, W. M. & Lewis, A. J. (1981). Curriculum planning for better teaching and learning (4th ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart. 1 st time: (Saylor, Alexander & Lewis, 1981). Subsequent times: (Saylor et al., 1981).

7. Multiple Sources Giroux, H. A. (1983). Theories of reproduction and resistance in the new sociology of education: A critical analysis. Harvard Educational Review, 53(3), 257–93. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education. New York: Collier-Macmillan. Apple, M.W. (1999). Official knowledge: Democratic education in a conservative age. (2 nd ed). New York: Routledge. In text: (Apple, 1999; Dewey, 1938; Giroux, 1983). *Alphabetize sources when citing multiple authors in text and separate with semi colons.

8. Electronic Sources and No Page Number Reference: Ontario College of Teachers. (2015). Standards of practice. Retrieved from http://www.oct.ca/public/professional-standards/ Paraphrase: The Ontario College of Teachers (OCT) has developed professional and ethical standards that provide important guidelines for educators working in Ontario (OCT, 2015). Direct quote: The ethical and professional standards that inform the work of Ontario teachers “describe what it means to be a member of the teaching profession in Ontario” (OCT, 2015, para. 1).

9. Curriculum Documents Reference: Ontario Ministry of Education. (2006). The kindergarten program. Retrieved from http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/elementary/kindercurrb.pdfhttp://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/elementary/kindercurrb.pdf. OR Ontario Ministry of Education. (2006). The kindergarten program. Queen’s Printer for Ontario. Quote: “Observation, as well as the documentation of observations, is the most important method for gaining assessment information about a young child as he or she works and interacts in the classroom” (p. 9). Paraphrase: The Ontario curriculum for kindergarten educators emphasizes that assessment of young children requires observation (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2006). Direct quote: In the kindergarten classroom “[o]bservation, as well as the documentation of observations, is the most important method for gaining assessment information about a young child… in the classroom” (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2006, p. 9).

10. Sources without Dates Sources without dates: http://www.dal.ca/campus_life/student_services/aca demic-support/writing-and-study-skills.html In text: (Dalhousie University, n.d.) Reference: Dalhousie University (n.d.). Writing Centre. Retrieved from http://www.dal.ca/campus_life/ student_services/academic-support/writing- and-study-skills.html.

11. Source without an Author Sources without an author: Example: http://www.news1130.com/2015/11/27/the-latest-holiday-shopping-season- gets-started-on-thanksgiving-continues-on-black-friday/ In text: Black Friday saw shoppers running into stores and removing product from shelves while yelling (“How Black Friday,” 2015). Reference: “How Black Friday played out around the country: Protests, marijuana discounts and hiking” (2015, November 27). Retrieved from http:// www.news1130.com/2015/11/27/the-latest-holiday-shopping- season-gets-started-on-thanksgiving-continues-on-black-Friday/ www.news1130.com/2015/11/27/the-latest-holiday-shopping-

12. Other Guidelines General: Double-space the entire document (save block quotes) Use 1” margins, Type the paper in 12pt. Times New Roman Place direct quotations that are 40 words, or longer, in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Information that is common knowledge does not need to be cited (e.g. Justin Trudeau is the Prime Minister of Canada). Reference List: Center the title (References) at the top of the page. Do not bold or underline title. Reference list should be ordered alphabetically by the surname of the author The first line of the reference should be flush to the left margin and hanging indents should be used for subsequent lines Capitalize the first word of a title and the first word after a colon Italicize book titles but do not italicize the title of a journal article. For journals italicize the journal name and number. e.g.) Smith, J. (2015). Academic Writing and Assessment in Canada. Harvard Education Review 1(3). pp. 100-110.

13. Spot the Mistake! Many students in the university struggle to produce academic papers that follow the guidelines set out by professors, while ensuring adherence to the guidelines set out by APA (Smith). Indeed, for some students the act of producing an academic paper can be “exceptionally difficult and fraught with confusion (McIntosh, p. 22)”. However, there are many books and websites available to students to support them in these endeavours and minimize confusion (Doe, n.d., Lee, 2010, Apple, 2001, Jones, 2011). Despite the availability of these resources, Liu & Gage suggest students do not access resources until they have already begun to write their first paper (Lui and Gage, 2010). Recently, however, the Ontario Ministry of Education has introduced new curriculum at the high school level to prepare students for university (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2015). Diaz (2015) suggests that this new curriculum could provide an “important basis” for students prior to attending university (Ruez. ed., 2015, p. 111). This is a welcome trend for teachers and the curriculum documents prove that students need support (Ontario Ministry of Education, 2015). In the coming years we will see if the new policy provides the much needed “push for excellence” or if it results in “more of the same” related to student writing outcomes (Trent, 2015, p. 12; Wallis, 2015, p. 333). As Auguste (1984) suggests, scholars will be watching to assess if the new curriculum helps students navigate the “university composition challenge” (Auguste in Paul, 1999, p. 10).

14. Fix the Errors References Apple, J. (2010). Writing in the academy: best practices. New York, NY: Francis. Diaz, J. (2015) The impact of the new English curriculum. In Ruez (Ed.), New horizons for learning in Ontario (pp. 110-115). Ottawa, ON: Academica Inc. Doe, Jane. (nd). Writing resources for postsecondary students. Retrieved from: www.janedoewriting.cawww.janedoewriting.ca Jones, J. (2011). University writing: Guidelines for success. Amsterdam: PubEd Inc. Lui and Gage (2010). Getting support before the deadline: Encouraging success. Academic Writing 3(6), 100-127. McIntosh, M. (2013). Writing in the Academy. OnePublisher: Toronto, ON. Ontario Ministry of Education (2015). High School English Writing Curriculum. Retrieved from www.ontarioministryofeducationome.ca. www.ontarioministryofeducationome.ca Paul, J. (1999). Invisible composition: Student writers in higher education. London: HigherEd Press. Smith, John. (2012) Meeting the Expectations of APA. Academic Writing 3(6), 101-119. Trent, T. (2015). Helping students succeed. Canadian Education Review, 36, 256-260. Wallis, G. (2015). Moving beyond the status quo in Ontario: Issues and options. Scarborough, ON: Change Publishers Inc.

15. More Questions? Check out the OWL Purdue website: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/0 1/ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/0 1/ Visit the OISE Student Success Centre: http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/ss/OISE_Student_Suc cess_Centre_%28OSSC%29/index.html http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/ss/OISE_Student_Suc cess_Centre_%28OSSC%29/index.html