1. S TUDY OF THE L OCAL C ORE -C OLLAPSE SN R ATE Kiranjyot (Jasmine) Gill, Dr. Michele Zanolin, Marek Szczepanczyk, Dr. Marica Branchesi, Dr. Giulia Stratta June 11 th, 2015 Urbino, Italy Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; LIGO-Virgo; Universit degli Studi di Urbino

2. Overview  Initial focus: Galaxies within 20 Mpc convert absolute magnitude in blue luminosity (normalized to the Milky Way) and infer CCSNe rate  Conversion between BLL and CCSNe rate is morphologically dependent (derived from observational data)  Used: Gravitational Wave Galaxy catalog

3. SNe Rate Plot (Bias corrections included) Rate + 1 sigma Rate - 1 sigma Our Estimated Rate @ 20 Mpc Soderberg et al. 2008 Estimated Rate @ 20 Mpc

4. SN Surveys & Searches Within 50 Mpc: Not much change with rate of SNe detected = suggests completeness Courtesy of Cappellaro

5. SN Surveys & Searches Courtesy of Cappellaro Within 20 Mpc: does not plateau = suggests incompleteness of SN surveys Number of Detections

6. Completeness of SN Searches All Courtesy of Cappellaro

7. Steps Followed to Estimate the Cumulative Rate of CCSNe  Blue luminosity is a reasonable approximation for the star formation region mass.  Where L B is the blue luminosity of each given galaxy, and M B is the absolute magnitude of each given galaxy. M milkyway used in the blue luminosity equation = -20.8 (Karachentsev et al. 2004, 2013).  Estimate of the CCSNe rate for each galaxy: Galaxy_CCSNe_rate= L B/ L B_Milky_Way * MilkyWay_CCSNe_rate  Cumulative sum of the CCSNe rate up to 20 Mpc

8. MilkyWay_CCSNe_rate used in the Analysis Reference: Cappellaro et al. 1997, 1999  What is the Milky Way rate using this analysis  1.02 SNe/century  Why rate of 1.02 ± 0.9 SNe/century? (Following Dragicevich et al. 1999 & Cappellaro et al. 1997, 1999)  Based off of SNe Ib/c II rate for the spiral category (Milky Way luminosity 2.3 in units of 10 10 L B )  Comparison between our SNe rate and published measurements shows that they are consistent within each others uncertainties. Reference: van den Bergh et al. 1988

9. Different Rates: Dragicevich et al. 1999  Different rates consistent within the large errors.

10. Estimated SN Rate Within 20 Mpc using Dahlen et al. 2004  Redshift regions primarily concentrated in:  0.30 < z < 0.70 ~200 SNe/century Rate (Dahlen et al. 2004): 6E4 per Gpc 3 per year Reference: Dahlen et al. 2004, Cappellaro et al. 1999 1.Includes Type Sbc/Sd spirals 2.Randomized inclination of the disk of the galaxies =

11. Luminosity Functions @ Various Distances Reference: White et al. 2011 20 Mpc 40 Mpc 100 Mpc

12. Luminosity Distribution of the Galaxies within 20 Mpc 33 galaxies brighter than Milky Way and have a higher SNe rate 3225 galaxies that have a blue luminosity between 0 to 0.5 (dimmer than Milky Way & lower SNe rate) 64 galaxies that have a blue luminosity between 0.5 to 1 (dimmer than Milky Way & lower SNe rate)

13. Classified and Unclassified Local Galaxies According to Morphology within 20 Mpc SPIRALS LENTICULARS ELLIPTICALS IRREGULARS VIRGO CLUSTER

14. Morphological Classification Correction  ( 2.6386e+03 ) / ( 2.6678e+03 ) = 0.9891 = 98.91% blue luminosity for classified galaxies  ( 29.2680 ) / (2.6678e+03) = 0.0110 = 1.10% blue luminosity for unclassified galaxies  Since fraction of blue luminosity taken by the unclassified galaxies = negligible within the catalog = neglect counting 1,686 galaxies for SN rate calculation

15. Distribution of Local Galaxies within 20 Mpc Right Ascension (degrees) Declination (degrees) Number of Galaxies RA: 195° Dec: 28° # = 119 RA: 192° Dec: -41° # = 51 RA: 244° Dec: -61° # = 46 RA: 28° Dec: 36° # = 34 VIRGO CLUSTER