1. Writing an Essay

2. Is this you?!

3. DO NOT PANIC!

4. Today we will learn how to write an essay, step by step!

5. What is an Essay? What is an Essay? An essay is a written collection of prose, organized and divided neatly into paragraphs Always remember that an essay is a written form of communication and therefore, must be clear, organized and easily understandable to those reading

6. What is the Purpose of an Essay? An essay is used to state and support an opinion with proof and explanation Essays can be used to persuade others to agree with your opinion (persuasive), describe an event/experience, tell a story (narrative), analyze something specific (analysis, literary criticism) and so on.

7. Why do we write five paragraph essays? The first paragraph is an introductory paragraph The middle three paragraph are the body paragraphs The last paragraph is the concluding paragraph

8. Any Ideas????? MLA Format What does MLA stand for?

9. Modern Language Association Professional association in the United States that aims to “strengthen the study and teaching of language and literature” Publishes academic journals which guide and set rules for undergraduate and graduate students at many schools nationwide.

10. MLA Rules and Formatting Double spaced, 12pt font- Times New Roman/Calibri 1 inch margins Correct Heading and Running header Follow citation rules Works Cited (if applicable) NO contractions (shouldn’t, can’t) NO 1 st person (Some people believe, others may say) instead of (I think….)

12. 1. Introductory Paragraph2. Body paragraph 13. Body paragraph 24. Body paragraph 35. Concluding paragraph

14. Body Paragraphs Each body paragraph states and explains a different point to help you prove your opinion An opinion is always stronger when it has more supporting facts (proof) Adding indirect or direct quotes from a source may be requires and is always recommended!

15. FactOpinion Fact is a true statement Facts can be supported, upheld and proven by evidence An opinion is one individual’s personal belief on a subject Everyone is welcome to have an opinion, but not every opinion is based on fact Opinions can be based on what a person has heard from others, and is therefore subject to bias

16. Fact is Stronger than Opinion For this reason, make sure that you phrase and word your essays as if they are FACT, not simply OPINION * Saying (Some may believe….) sounds better than (I believe…..)

17. How will learning how to write an essay help me in the future? Each Academic/University level English course contains a unit on essay writing Essay writing, in any form, will help prepare you for formal writing in the work place (contracts, emails, request documents, proposals…….. And so on!

18. Essay and Paragraph Structure Introduction Paragraph Body Paragraph #1Body Paragraph # 2Body Paragraph # 3 Concluding Paragraph

19. Introduction Paragraph  Broad Statement or Attention getter/Hook  Introduce topic  Reason 1  Reason 2  Reason 3  The Point The thesis

20. Introductory Paragraph Hook Begin with a Hook to capture your reader’s attention It is a general sentence about your topic. Introduce Topic Introduce the topic, the author and the title of the play **Hint use the essay question to guide you** Three reasons The next sentence should list your three reasons/proofs THESIS The Thesis The specific point you are trying to prove

21. Thesis Statement- What you will prove! Is a road map for the paper; in other words, it tells the reader what to expect from the rest of the paper. directly answers the question asked of you. makes a claim that others might dispute. is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your argument to the reader. The rest of the paper, the body of the essay, gathers and organizes evidence that will persuade the reader of the logic of your interpretation

22. Introductory Paragraph Hook Disguises and costumes are a fun way to explore new identities and take on a new persona. Introduce Topic Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare explores the use of disguises and costumes throughout the play. Three reasons A) Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot B) Disguises and costumes create humour throughout the play C) Disguises and costumes allow characters to explore different class and gender identities THESIS Therefore, for these reasons disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night.

23. Disguises and costumes are a fun way to explore new identities and take on a new persona. Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare explores the use of disguises and costumes throughout the play. A) Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot B) Disguises and costumes create humour throughout the play C) Disguises and costumes allow characters to explore different class and gender identities Thesis Therefore, for these reasons disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night.

24. Paragraph Format Disguises and costumes are a fun way to explore new identities and take on a new persona. Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare explores the use of disguises and costumes throughout the play. Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot, create humour and allow characters to explore different class and gender identities. Therefore, for these reasons disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night.

25. Body Paragraphs Each of the three body paragraphs deals with one of the three reasons/proofs Always remember to present them in the same order: A,B,C Reason/Proof A should always be your weakest argument Reason/Proof C should always be your strongest argument

26. Topic Sentence (POINT) A strong topic sentence clearly stating the reason/proof upon which the paragraph will focus Evidence (PROOF) and Explanation Evidence and Explanation that demonstrates how the reason/ proof supports the point Concluding sentence A Concluding sentence that states what you’ve proven in this paragraph and links the reason/proof back to your thesis

27. Topic Sentence (POINT) Disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot of Twelfth Night. Evidence (PROOF) and Explanation In Act 3 scene 4 Antonio mistakes Cesario for his friend Sebastian Antonio feels betrayed by his friend:“Will you deny me now?/Is’t possible that my deserts to you/Can lack persuasion?” (3.4.334-336) If Viola was not in disguise, Antonio would not mistake her for his friend Sebastian. Mistaken identity causes confusion between Antonio and Viola. Viola’s disguise as a man is the driving force of conflict within this scene. Concluding sentence Therefore, disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night as they cause confusion between characters and create conflict in the plot.

28. Paragraph Format Point: Firstly, disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot of Twelfth Night. Proof: In Act 3 scene 4 Antonio mistakes Cesario for his friend Sebastian. Since Viola is disguised as a man and looks like her twin Sebastian, Antonio easily mistakes the two characters. Antonio sees who he believes to be Sebastian in the midst of a duel and offers to fight on his friend’s behalf. Viola does not recognize Antonio and is confused as to why this stranger is fighting for her. Although Viola is grateful, she is confused when Antonio asks Cesario to return his purse he left Sebastian. Quotation: Antonio feels hurt and betrayed and asks his friend “Will you deny me now?/Is’t possible that my deserts to you/Can lack persuasion?” (3.4.334-336). Explanation: Antonio has done a lot for Sebastian since arriving in Illyria. He rescues Sebastian from the shipwreck, stays with him in Illyria despite the dangers and gives Sebastian money. When Cesario does not recognize Antonio it creates conflict between Cesario and Antonio. Antonio feels hurt and betrayed while Viola is confused as she does not understand what is going on. If Viola was not in disguise, Antonio would not mistake her for his friend Sebastian. Mistaken identity causes confusion between Antonio and Viola. Viola’s disguise as a man is the driving force of conflict within this scene. Concluding sentence: Therefore, disguises and costumes are key elements in the play Twelfth Night as they cause confusion between characters and create conflict in the plot.

29. Body Paragraph # 1 Body Paragraph # 2 Body Paragraph # 3 Topic Sentence (point) Proof Explanation Conclusion Topic Sentence (Point) Proof Explanation Conclusion Topic Sentence (Point) Proof Explanation Conclusion First, Secondly, in addition, also, additionally Third, lastly

30. Transition words between paragraphs First, disguises and costumes drive the main conflicts in the plot of Twelfth Night. Secondly, disguises and costumes create humour throughout the play. Lastly, disguises and costumes allow characters to explore different class and gender identities.

31. Concluding Paragraph  Restate thesis  Restate your three points  Finish with a broad concluding sentence about the topic Concluding Paragraph

32. Thesis Begin by restating your thesis or the point you attempted to prove in your essay Points The next sentence should restate your three reasons/proofs: A,B,C Concluding sentence Finish with a broad concluding sentence about your topic in general

33. Thesis Therefore, disguises and costumes are used throughout William Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night and are crucial components in the play. Points Disguises and costumes cause mistaken identity within the play causing confusion between characters and creating conflict in the plot. Also, disguises and costumes add humour in the play in particular through dramatic irony. Finally, through disguises and costumes characters in the play are permitted to explore gender and class categories which they would otherwise not be permitted to do. Concluding sentence Disguises and costumes are used throughout the play Twelfth Night and are crucial to the entertainment of the play.

34. Paragraph Format Therefore, disguises and costumes are used throughout William Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night and are crucial components in the play. Disguises and costumes cause mistaken identity within the play causing confusion between characters and creating conflict in the plot. Also, disguises and costumes add humour in the play in particular through dramatic irony. Finally, through disguises and costumes characters in the play are permitted to explore gender and class categories which they would otherwise not be permitted to do. Disguises and costumes are used throughout the play Twelfth Night and are crucial to the entertainment of the play.

35. Tips for Writing Formal Essays Do not use personal pronouns (I, we, you) These suggest your essay is an opinion instead of factual Write in Present tense Do not use rhetorical devises or creative writing skills Do not use contractions (Can’t, won’t, couldn’t) Do not use slang or informal language

36. Tips for Writing Formal Essays Avoid using vague language (be specific) In an essay do not simply summarize your novel/play (assume that whoever is reading knows the novel/play well) In your body paragraph, be as detailed and specific as possible when explaining and supporting your evidence and quotations Use transition words to move smoothly from one idea to the next (in addition, lastly, for example, therefore) NEVER bring up new information in your closing paragraph

37. How do you feel about essays?