1. The Roaring Twenties (1918-1929)

2. Post WWI, (return to isolation) Americans are ready to make money and enjoy themselves!!! Why were the 1920’s so Prosperous?….. Prosperous (definition) – Having success, flourishing, being well off

3. Political Changes during the 1920s Politically, the U.S. was led between 1920-1930 by 3 Republican Presidents… Can you name them?? Warren Harding (1921-1923)--Republican Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929) -- Republican Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) --Republican Let’s look at each president…

4. President Warren Harding (1920-1923) What do you know about Harding??? “A Return to Normalcy” –Harding’s campaign motto when he won the 1920 election: promises to get America back to normal after the war and to run a government less involved in business and foreign affairs (wants to end the postwar recession) Harding’s Presidency is most remembered for it’s scandals: What was the most famous scandal? Teapot Dome Scandal: Government officials accepted bribes from business men (money in exchange for government oil fields in Teapot Dome, Wyoming)

5. President Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929 "Stay Cool with Coolidge" Took over after Harding's death Committed to business Laissez Faire approach to the economy "Coolidge Prosperity" -- the economy improves under Coolidge The Kellogg-Briand Pact -- passed in 1928 during Coolidge's presidency. This was an agreement among nations to outlaw war except in self-defense. Nations agree to settle disputes through peaceful means and not through war. (Problem: there was no way to enforce the pact)

6. President Herbert Hoover (1929-1933) Promised to help end poverty and unequal distribution of wealth in the U.S. Laissez faire government Wanted to "help people help themselves" PROBLEM!!!!!! What major economic downfall was Hoover President for? Hoover was President during the Stockmarket Crash in October of 1929 (Black Tuesday) --- leading to the start of the great depression

7. Reason #1-- INDUSTRIALIZATION Reasons for SOCIAL CHANGE in the 1920s… Ford and his Model T The development of New Industries **widespread use of electricity allows for many new industries, jobs, and profits 1. The automobile industry 2. The Electrical Industry 3. Radio and Motion Picture Industries

8. Reasons for SOCIAL CHANGE in the 1920s… Reason #2 – IMMIGRATION RED SCARE: A fear that communists would take over America (as they had in Russia), people thought to be communists were arrested. Communists want private property abolished, want collective ownership of property. Immigration Laws are passed -- The National Origins Act and and Emergency Quota Act are passed to limit immigration into the U.S. XENOPHOBIA: intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.

9. Reasons for SOCIAL CHANGE in the 1920s… REASON #3 URBANIZATION After WWI, farmers were in competition with European Farmers. Overproducing and prices of crops fell Farmers moved to the cities.

10. Social Changes during the 1920s People who have wealth are spending their money on many new products Many of the first department stores open (ie: JCPenny's) People begin INSTALLMENT BUYING (buying on credit) The advertising industry grows Popular Items to Buy: cars, radios, washing machines, stoves, vacuum cleaners... Let's go to the Movies!!!!!

11. STOCK MARKET BOOM!!! Bull Market- Period of Rising Stock Prices BUYING ON MARGIN: Paid as little as 10% of stock price up front to a broker.

12. Economic Changes during the 1920s Republican presidents are Pro-business and follow a laissez-faire policy Many people experience economic prosperity An Economic Boom!!! Did everyone experience economic prosperity? Who DID NOT? Farmers Native Americans African Americans Let's talk about each group a little more...

13. Who didn't prosper from the economy during the 1920s? 1. Farmers -- Small farmers are hurt by the economy. Post WWI when European farmers begin producing again, American farmers are producing too much and prices fall. Farmers can't afford all of the luxury consumer goods and technology 2. Native Americans -- Most live on reservations and have few luxury goods high unemployment rate and short lifespan 3. African Americans -- faced discrimination, segregation is STILL LEGAL The KKK becomes active again (against African Americans) Big corporations and the wealthy benefited the most from the economy!!

14. Social Changes during the 1920's 1.) 18th Amendment -- passed in 1919, made the sale and consumption of alcohol illegal Why were people for prohibition? People blame high crime rates on alcohol People believe alcohol is evil Traditional, Rural, and religious people most often supported prohibition Famous gangster: Al Capone

15. What was the problem with prohibition? Prohibition was very hard to enforce, illegal drinking created a billion dollar industry (bootlegging), and speakeasies opened up The 21st Amendment, which was ratified in 1933, repealed the 18th Amendment making alcohol consumption legal again Which Amendment made alcohol consumption legal again?

16. Social Changes in the 1920s 2.) Lives of Women In 1920 the 19th Amendment is passed, giving women gain the right to vote Many more women join the workforce (although many still believed a woman's place was in the home, and women had a hard time finding jobs outside of traditional roles such as teaching and clerical work) face discrimination and low wages Rebellious, independent women were given the name flappers What did flappers look like?

17. Flapper – The nickname given to modern and rebellious women during the 1920’s, they often: -had short hair cuts -short skirts -visited speakeasies -danced -wanted the same freedom as men However!!!!!!! Most women WERE NOT flappers and still were very restricted by economic, political and social limits!!!

18. Social Changes during the 1920s Clash between Science and Religion What was the Scopes Trial? In 1925 -- A biology teacher John Scopes, was illegally teaching abou the theory of evolution in his classroom. America is dominated by strong Christian people who do not want Darwinian theory of evolution taught in the classroom. Scopes is convicted and charged $100 **Trial symbolizes tension in the 1920s between those for change and those in favor of traditional, older beliefs and values John Scopes

20. Social Changes of the 1920s What was the Harlem Renaissance? Harlem Renaissance -- A rebirth in African American culture and pride that began in Harlem, NY. African Americans express their views Poetry and Literature become an important form of expression (Langston Hughes is a famous poet) Jazz music becomes very popular, (developed from African American spirituals) and the 20's is sometimes called the "Jazz Age" Langston Hughes

22. Leisure Activities during the 1920s An increase in wealth, variety and free time allows for leaisure activities, especially sports and movies to become popular during the 1920's. Sports Tennis, boxing, collegiate football and especially baseball become very popular during the 1920s. Sports become a part of public education Babe Ruth and Lou Gerhig are some of the most popular baseball players ever Lou Gerhig and Babe Ruth

23. The End of the 1920's In October 1929 -- The NY Stock Market Crashed (marking the beginning of the Great Depression and an end to the Roaring Twenties) Why did it crash? Everyone wanted to sell stocks and no one wanted to buy them (investors panicked) People spent too much during the 1920's and couldn't pay off debts and loans (so they sold their stocks)

24. poor agriculture during the 1920's -- overproduction = drop in prices High unemployment in some industries slow in automobile sales In some cases, too much is being produced and not enough is being consumed! The prosperity of the 1920's did not include everyone, there was a very unequal distribution of wealth What were some weaknesses of the economy during the 1920's?