1. Cytogenetics in Humans Marie Černá

2. Chromosome

3. Chromosome On each chromosome is apparent the centromere as a primary constriction dividing the chromosome into two arms – a short arm p (for petit) a long arm q Chromosomes are classified by their length the position of the centromere into four types: metacentric submetacentric acrocentric (satellites attached to short arms) telocentric (do not occur in humans)

4. Karyotype Haploid: 1n chromosome complement 23 chromosomes (gamete) Diploid: 2n chromosome complement 46 chromosomes (somatic cell) Human karyotype: 46, XY - male 46, XX - female Chromosome - homologous: autosomes heterologous: sex chromosomes

5. Human karyotype

6. Cell cycle interphase G1 (Gap 1) S phase (DNA synthesis) G2 (Gap 2) M mitosis

7. Mitosis

8. Meiosis

10. Gamete maturation

13. Barr body

14. Literature Biology, eighth edition, Campbell, Reece Unit three: Genetics Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Concept 15.1, 15.2, 15.3. Pages 286 – 296