1. Unit 2: Part 2: Migration

2. QW: Answer in your notes Have you ever moved to a new place before? Where did you move from? Where did you move to? What things caused you or your family to move? *If you have not moved or don’t remember, imagine and describe why you think someone would move to a new place.

3. Migration A change in residence that is intended to be permanent. E migration-leaving a country. I mmigration-entering a country. Two men leave Oklahoma by foot and travel to California during the Dust Bowl of the 1930’s

4. Net Migration: difference between # of immigrants and emmigrants Immigrants > Emigrants = net-in migration Immigrants < Emigrants = net-out migration

5. Types of Migration Cyclical movement: short-term, repeatedly or seasonally Ex: Migration to college, old people to the South for winter Commuting- day to day cyclical movement Ex: Home to school Commuter train in Soweto, South Africa

6. Types of Migration External Migration-from one country to another (emigration & immigration) Internal Migration-from one part of a country to another part Forced Migration-migrants have no choice-must leave.

7. DON’T WRITE Internal Migration - Movement within a single country’s borders (implying a degree of permanence).

8. An Example of Forced Migration-The Trail of Tears

9. From 12 to 30 million Africans were forced from their homelands in the 18 th century. It took generations to restore the population balance.

10. Distance Decay in Migration: The greater the distance, the less likely to move there Voluntary Migration – Migrants decide on their own to emigrate from the home country and second, where to go.

11. Chain migration-migration of people to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality already there. Step migration-short moves in stages to final destination A. Bosnia to Norway B. Norway to New Jersey C. New Jersey to Iowa

12. Reasons for Migration Push factors: issues leading people to leave a specific location (Pushing you to go) Pull factors: issues leading people to move to a specific location (Pulling you in) Why do you think people move?

13. Reasons for Migration Economic conditions- poverty and a desire for opportunity. Economic Push/Pull ◦Job prospects ◦Natural resources ◦Educational opportunities

14. Economic Opportunities DON’T WRITE Islands of Development – Places within a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure are concentrated.

15. DON’T WRITE Migrants will often risk their lives in hopes of economic opportunities that will enable them to send money home (remittances) to their family members who remain behind.

17. In Altar, Sonora, migrants called pollos (chickens), stock up on supplies for the desert crossing.

18. DON’T WRITE A massive dump site in Arizona’s Upper Altar Valley. After walking 40 miles through the desert, illegal immigrants are met here by coyotes. They are told to dump their old clothes & packs and put on more “American” looking clothes the coyotes have brought. They then begin the trip to an urban stash house.

19. Environmental Push/Pull ◦Physically attractive regions ◦Warm ◦Clean Air and Water ◦Transportation ◦Agriculture ◦Health/Allergy issues ◦Water (too much/little) ◦Okies/Dust Bowl ◦New Orleans/Katrina ◦Natural Disaster

20. Political and Cultural Push/Pull ◦Slavery ◦Political instability ◦Wars/Conflict ◦Persecution ◦Want to be near others like them

21. Checkpoint Do you plan to live in Iowa after you graduate from high school? Identify either a push or pull factor that is influencing your decision. Is it an economic factor, or an environmental one? Both?

22. Global Migration Patterns Largest flows: ◦Asia to Europe ◦Asia to North America ◦Latin America to North America

24. Ernst Ravenstein’s “Laws of migration (1885) 1.Most migrants go only a short distance. 2.Big cities attract long distance migrants. 3.Most migration is step-by-step. 4.Most migration is rural to urban 5.Most migrants are adults. Families are less likely to make international moves. 6.Most international migrants are young males.

25. Task for Today: Read Key Issue 2: pp. 85-92 In your notebooks, answer the following: Describe the three eras of immigration to the U.S. ◦When did each take place? ◦What groups came? ◦What push/pull factors caused people to emigrate/immigrate?

26. Refugee Articles Find your partner who shares your number. (1-12) Each pair will be assigned a story (1-12). Partner read your story. Circle any push factors you find. Underline any pull factors. Summarize story and identify if push/pull factors are: ◦Economic ◦Cultural/Political ◦Environmental Exit: Write one question you would like to ask the refugee from your story.