1. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 CDEMA: 5 th Annual Caribbean Conference on Comprehensive Disaster Management CARICOM / Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre: Regional Framework and Implementation Plan Summary presentation John Firth, CEO and co-founder Acclimatise Implementation Plan Lead Consultant CDEMA Conference Jamaica 7 th December 2010

2. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Introduction The CARICOM document: ‘A Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change 2009-2015’ Developing an Implementation Plan: –Objectives. –Project programme. –Your role and involvement. –Emerging themes.

3. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 CARICOM Regional Framework CCCCC prepared a climate change strategy at the request of CARICOM and undertook an extensive consultation process. The final document ‘A Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change 2009-2015’ was approved by the CARICOM Heads of Government in 2009 The Regional Framework sets out five strategic elements and a number of supporting goals that must be delivered if the Caribbean is to secure the transformational change required to build resilience. “It is absolutely necessary that all our countries identify and implement, in the shortest possible timeframe, a series of measures designed to minimise and mitigate the effects of global warming on our countries and populations...” Hon. Dean Oliver Barrow, Prime Minister of Belize

4. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 CARICOM Regional Framework The Regional Framework provides a global and a regional context to the impacts a changing climate will create and: –Articulates the strategic direction for the region’s response to climate change risks. –Provides a long-term vision on climate issues and reflects the political will of the region : “the achievement of a regional society and economy that is resilient to a changing climate” –Is one of the first regional strategies drafted in and by developing nations, joined by a common purpose to build resilience to a changing climate. The document provides a roadmap for action over the period 2009 – 2015 and builds on the groundwork laid by the Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change (MACC) project. It identifies five key strategic elements and associated goals that if delivered will lead to the creation of a successful and sustainable resilience building programme.

5. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 CARICOM Regional Framework: strategic elements Strategic Element 1:Mainstream climate change adaptation strategies into the sustainable development agendas of the CARICOM member states. –Climate change must only be considered within the context of the existing social, economic and environmental challenges in the Caribbean. Strategic Element 2: Promote the implementation of specific adaptation measures to address key vulnerabilities in the region. –The Regional Framework specifically refers to the impacts of climate change on water supply, coastal and marine ecosystems, tourism, coastal infrastructure and health as representing the greatest threats to the well-being of the CARICOM countries. (Note that the Implementation Plan has added agriculture, fisheries and food security to this list). Strategic Element 3: Promote actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through fossil fuel reduction and conservation, and switching to renewable and cleaner energy sources. –Removing the Caribbean’s dependency on high price imported fossil fuels is essential if the economies of Caribbean countries are to be transformed.

6. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 CARICOM Regional Framework: strategic elements Strategic Element 4: Promote actions to reduce the vulnerability of natural and human systems in CARICOM countries to the impacts of a changing climate. –Institutional changes are required to deliver, enforce and maintain required regulatory provisions, national standards and building codes. Applied research and development is essential, along with public education and awareness. Strategic Element 5: Promote actions to derive social, economic and environmental benefits for the prudent management of standing forests in CARICOM countries. –The extensive standing forest resource offers the region significant opportunities to derive economic benefits regionally, whilst providing benefits globally. (Note that the Implementation Plan has extended this strategic element to include eco-systems).

7. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Implementation Plan: project funding and support CARICOM, through the CCCCC, requested financial and technical support from the UK Department for International Development (DFID) to develop the Implementation Plan. DFID has worked with the Climate & Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) to provide this support. CDKN was set up and funded by DFID. CDKN is independent from DFID, although it works closely with DFID and other donor programmes wherever possible. CDKN is an alliance of six private and not-for-profit organisations, launched in March 2010. Led by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the alliance also includes the Overseas Development Institute, LEAD International, INTRAC, SouthSouthNorth in Africa and Fundación Futuro Latinoamericano in Latin America and the Caribbean, bringing together a wide range of experience. CDKN provides support to decision makers in developing countries to design and deliver climate compatible development, by combining research, advisory services, knowledge management and capacity building processes in support of locally owned and managed policy processes.

8. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Implementation Plan: objectives The Implementation Plan will: –Identify and prioritize critical activities to be undertaken within the next 5 years under each strategic element and goal area of the Framework. –Identify responsibilities. –Define functional co-operation between regional and national agencies. –Develop an investment programme. –Propose relevant governance regimes and a monitoring and evaluation system. The process will be interactive and will involve dialogue and consultation with a wide range of key stakeholders, building on existing analysis as well as regional and national development and climate change strategies. The Implementation Plan will be presented to the CARICOM Heads of Government in July 2011. It has the potential to be a mechanism for large scale coordinated climate change financing in the region, as well as providing the impetus for adaptation and mitigation actions set out in the Framework.

9. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Project components and timeline PLAN Project planning Early September 2010 TALK Dialogue with national governments, regional organisations and international stakeholders September – end January 2011 PREPARE Prepare draft Implementation Plan December – end February 2011 CONSULT Formal consultation process and presentation of draft Implementation Plan to CARICOM March – April 2011 ADOPT Prepare Final Implementation Plan, present to key stakeholders, seek CARICOM approval April - July 2011 ACT Deliver actions identified in the Implementation Plan, monitoring and evaluation 2011 - 2015 Current actions database Web based tool: Implementation Plan actions Research component Additional components

10. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Implementation Plan: Additional components A comprehensive ‘stock-take’ creating a database of climate change related adaptation and mitigation strategies, policies, programmes and actions being carried out in the CARICOM region. –Each ‘action’ has been coded against the Regional Framework strategic elements and goals. This provides a review of the actions already underway and will enable gaps to be identified. –The database also provides an input into the PPCR process. The database will be developed as a web based tool hosted on the CCCCC web site. It will also be used to monitor the success of the Implementation Plan in building resilience to climate change. An additional component has been proposed: a comprehensive review of the Caribbean’s research needs to support the Regional Framework and Implementation Plan. Discussions are underway to finalise this component. Current actions database Research component Web based tool: Implementation Plan actions

11. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Emerging themes A number of themes are beginning to emerge from the in-country dialogues and wider consultations, including, for example: The plan will provide for commonality rather than harmonisation across the Caribbean. The role regional organisations can play in providing expertise on regional issues and supporting national governments. Providing the information and awareness to enable individuals and organisations to make informed, robust decisions. Access to baseline data. Knowledge transfer (national and regional). Funding resilience building: revenue funding and budgetary support will be needed in addition to capital and project based funding. Governance, transparency and institutional changes required to enable organisations to build resilience. Do countries have the capacity to undertake the scale of investment required? Can they absorb the potential ‘adaptation funding’ that may be available (and the donor M and E obligations)? Decision making under uncertainty – are the right tools, techniques and skills available? Transforming the energy base of the Caribbean. Creating an environment attractive to private investment.

12. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Summary The Regional Framework, approved by CARICOM and the Heads of Government from each of the Member States, provides a roadmap for building resilience to climate change. The CARICOM Secretariat has asked the CCCCC to develop an Implementation Plan. This will be presented to the Heads of Government for approval in July 2011. The Implementation Plan will identify actions to deliver resilience. Transformational change can only be achieved provided: –Appropriate levels of finance are provided by international donor agencies, international finance institutions and the private sector. –Regional organisations, governments, national organisations, and the private sector recognise the implications and identify and take action on the critical priorities that need to be undertaken within the next 5 years.

13. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Implementation Plan: Project team contacts Project Lead Consultant: –John Firth –CEO Acclimatise –j.firth@acclimatise.uk.comj.firth@acclimatise.uk.com –+44 (0) 7760 706184 Project Coordinator: –Joseph McGann –jomac31@yahoo.comjomac31@yahoo.com –+5018 221104

14. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Important to evaluate impacts driven by: –Extreme (acute) events AND incremental (chronic) changes How will these changes affect critical thresholds, safety and operational headroom. performance measures etc? Can the impacts be managed by business continuity measures, crisis management, or are more fundamental changes required to essential assets and systems? Process, operational or capital investment response? How will attitudes to risk influence options? Are you ‘risk averse’? Emerging themes: drivers, baseline data and thresholds Success criteria [Source: Willows & Connell, 2003]

15. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Emerging themes: internal and external dimensions The Implementation Plan will have an internal and an external dimension The internal dimension will focus on the actions that Caribbean Countries and regional organisations should take to build resilience and transform their economies. The external dimension recognises that the Implementation Plan is not just for internal regional consumption alone. The Plan will define the actions that the region has decided are required to build resilience, setting out the priorities for funding. The Plan will provide a basis for engagement with the international donor community on climate financing. One option being considered is the development of a set of principles to accompany the Implementation Plan acknowledging the priorities contained within the Plan. –International donors and banks may be invited to formally endorse the principles to ensure that their funding processes are consistent with the Regional Framework and the Implementation Plan. –The principles could cover issues such as harmonisation of donor processes.

16. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Emerging themes: financing resilience The scale of the impacts and the investment required will be beyond the current economic capacity of the Caribbean region. International financial support is required. Signatories to the Copenhagen Accord agreed in December 2009 to a goal of jointly mobilising $100billion a year by 2020 from the developed countries to finance climate change. It is intended that a significant proportion of this funding will be provided by the private sector. Caribbean countries will need to ensure that they are in a position to take advantage of international multi-lateral and bi-lateral funding opportunities with regard to climate change mitigation and adaptation and undertake the necessary resilience building actions at the most opportune time.

17. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Emerging themes: financing resilience An integrated approach is required across all Government Departments and by Regional Organisations to: Assess the risks and opportunities arising from a changing climate. Identify solutions to existing social, economic and environmental challenges that will meet future needs under a changing climate. Plan and deliver capital investment and operational management programmes to improve resilience. A transformational change within governments and at political levels to respond to the scale and nature of the challenges ahead. An understanding that the scale of the investment required may be greater than the current capacity of some countries to absorb, manage and deliver the required actions. Actions to improve the transparency, financial accountability, regulatory enforcement and governance in public and private institutions. Creating an investment environment in the Caribbean that is attractive to private investors. The Caribbean has to improve its investment risk profile if it is to compete with other developing countries for private investment funds.

18. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Implementation Plan: ‘Consult’ Key stakeholders will be formally invited to comment on the draft Implementation Plan during March and April 2011. Those invited to comment include: –National governments and organisations. –Regional organisations. –International donors. –International Finance Institutions. –International research organisations –Private sector. This component was introduced following a pilot exercise in Belize in September 2010. The draft Implementation Plan will be presented to the CARICOM Heads of Government in March 2011. A communications plan will also be prepared. PLAN TALK PREPARE CONSULT ADOPT ACT

19. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Implementation Plan: ‘Adopt’ The draft Implementation Plan will be reviewed during April 2011 in the light of the comments received during the ‘consult’ component. A final draft Implementation Plan will be prepared in May 2011. This will be presented to key stakeholders at a CARICOM seminar in May. The seminar attendees will be asked to work on final editing. The final Implementation Plan will then be presented to the CARICOM Heads of Government in July 2011 for approval. The final Implementation Plan will also include a monitoring and evaluation component to track progress. This will in part be based on the web based tool developed during the project. PLAN TALK PREPARE CONSULT ADOPT ACT

20. © Copyright Acclimatise and Climate Risk Management Limited 2008 Implementation Plan: ‘Act’ The final component of the Implementation Plan is the most important. Following the approval by the Heads of Government in July 2011 there will be just under 5 years to transform the Caribbean, achieve the Regional Framework’s strategic elements and create a “ regional society and economy that is resilient to a changing climate”. The role to be played by international donor agencies and international finance institutions in securing financial support will be critical. However it is clear that funding alone will not build resilience. The responses of the various Regional organisations, governments, national organisations, and the private sector are crucial. –Integration of climate change as a risk management issue in decision making is needed to create the required transformations. PLAN TALK PREPARE CONSULT ADOPT ACT