1. Key terms: Hoplite (hoplon/aspis/clypeus) Scutum Phalanx Maniple Hasta/Pilum Gauls Livy Polybius Centurion centurio primi pili –= primus pilus turmae velites hastati, principes, triarii

3. Chigi Vase (oinochoe) – c. 620 BCE - Corinth

4. Greek hoplite armour (from the Archaeological Museum of Argos)

5. Bronze greaves (c. 490 BCE; from a Greek workshop in southern Italy)

6. 4 th century hoplite – Palestrina (Italy)

7. Greek phalanx drawn up A = light armed skirmishers B = phalanx C = cavalry

9. Scutum (replicas)

10. Gallic sack of Rome 390 BCE

11. Velites → parma, javelin, sword, helmet Hastati (1200) → scutum, helmet, greaves, cuirass, sword (gladius), and 2 pila (heavy throwing javelins) Principes (1200) → same weapons as Hastati Triarii (600) → same weapons as Hastati except have a longer thrusting spear (hasta) instead of pila

14. maniple (120/60) century (60/30) - one centurion century (60/30) - one centurion Centurio primi pili → centurio primus pilus

15. Spacing of soldiers in a line

16. Legion’s cavalry TU01RMAE Eeach under charge of 3 decurions