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4. Structures and Technology Chicago School of Architecture Modern Architecture and Decoration The Beginning of Modern Architecture Europe and America in the 1800s CE > The Beginning of Modern Architecture Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.www/boundless.com/art- history?campaign_content=book_185_section_220&campaign_term=Art+History&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=direct&utm_source= boundless

5. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Appendix

6. Key terms "Chicago window" A three-part window consisting of a large fixed center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash windows. Bauhaus School A school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. Chicago School A school of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial aesthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. Crystal Palace A cast-iron and plate-glass building erected in Hyde Park, London, England, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. More than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in the Palace's 990,000 square feet (92,000 m2) of exhibition space to display examples of the latest technology developed in the Industrial Revolution. Designed by Joseph Paxton, the Great Exhibition building was 1,851 feet (564 m) long, with an interior height of 128 feet (39 m). Deutscher Werkbund A German association of artists, architects, designers, and industrialists. The Werkbund was to become an important event in the development of modern architecture and industrial design, particularly in the later creation of the Bauhaus school of design. Industrial Revolution The major technological, socioeconomic, and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century when the economy shifted from one based on manual labor to one dominated by machine manufacture. Louis Sullivan (1856 – 1924) An American architect, and has been called the "father of skyscrapers" and "father of modernism. " He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright. modernism The modernist movement in the arts, its set of cultural tendencies and associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, the development of modern industrial societies and the rapid growth of cities, followed then by the horror of World War I, were among the factors that shaped Modernism. rose window a generic term applied to a circular window, but especially used for those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery William Le Baron Jenney (1832 - 1907) An American architect and engineer who is known for building the first skyscraper in 1884 and became known as the Father of the American skyscraper. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE

7. The transept façade of the Crystal Palace The Crystal Palace, 1851, was one of the first buildings to have vast amounts of glass supported by structural metal, foreshadowing trends in Modernist architecture. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Crystal Palace." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crystal_Palace.PNG View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crystal_Palace.PNGView on Boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE

8. The AEG Turbinenfabrik ("turbine factory"), 1909, designed by Peter Behrens, illustrating the combination of industry and design. Behrens's turbine factory reflects the absence of decorative elements. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Berlin AEG Turbinenfabrik." GNU FDL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Berlin_AEG_Turbinenfabrik.jpg View on Boundless.comGNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Berlin_AEG_Turbinenfabrik.jpgView on Boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE

9. Chicago School window grid The Chicago window combined the functions of light-gathering and natural ventilation; a single central pane was usually fixed, while the two surrounding panes were operable. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "2006-03-30 2240x1680 chicago school windows." CC BY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2006-03-30_2240x1680_chicago_school_windows.jpg View on Boundless.comCC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2006-03-30_2240x1680_chicago_school_windows.jpgView on Boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE

10. The Home Insurance Building, which some regarded as the first skyscraper in the world, was built in Chicago in 1885 and was demolished in 1931. Exterior of the Home Insurance Building by architect William Le Baron Jenney in Chicago, Illinois. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia. "Home Insurance Building." Public domain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Home_Insurance_Building.JPG View on Boundless.comPublic domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Home_Insurance_Building.JPGView on Boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE

11. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE The construction of modern skyscrapers relies on which type of construction? A) Steel frame B) Masonry C) Brick and mortar D) Reinforced concrete

12. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Saylor OER. "Art History « Saylor.org – Free Online Courses Built by Professors." CC BY 3.0 http://www.saylor.org/majors/Art-History/CC BY 3.0http://www.saylor.org/majors/Art-History/ Europe and America in the 1800s CE The construction of modern skyscrapers relies on which type of construction? A) Steel frame B) Masonry C) Brick and mortar D) Reinforced concrete

13. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE Which of the following BEST sums up the distinguishing features of the Chicago School? A) steel-frame buildings with masonry cladding; limited exterior ornamentation; three-part windows B) neoclassical style architecture with large plate-glass window areas C) steel-frame construction of commercial buildings D) form over function

14. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Europe and America in the 1800s CE Which of the following BEST sums up the distinguishing features of the Chicago School? A) steel-frame buildings with masonry cladding; limited exterior ornamentation; three-part windows B) neoclassical style architecture with large plate-glass window areas C) steel-frame construction of commercial buildings D) form over function

15. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE Which of the following goes AGAINST the approach of Modern Architecture? A) reduction of buildings to pure forms B) encouragement of revivalist architecture C) removal of historical references D) inclusion of functionalist details

16. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comwww.boundless.com Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com/ Europe and America in the 1800s CE Which of the following goes AGAINST the approach of Modern Architecture? A) reduction of buildings to pure forms B) encouragement of revivalist architecture C) removal of historical references D) inclusion of functionalist details

17. Attribution Wiktionary. "Industrial Revolution." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Industrial+RevolutionCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Industrial+Revolution Wikipedia. "Modern architecture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architectureCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture Wikipedia. "William Le Baron Jenney." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Le%20Baron%20JenneyCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Le%20Baron%20Jenney Wikipedia. "Crystal Palace." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20PalaceCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Palace Wikipedia. "Architectural style." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_styleCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_style Wikipedia. "Modern architecture." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architectureCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture Wikipedia. "Bauhaus School." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus%20SchoolCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauhaus%20School Wikipedia. "Deutscher Werkbund." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher%20WerkbundCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutscher%20Werkbund Wikipedia. "Louis Sullivan." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20SullivanCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Sullivan Wikipedia. "Chicago school (architecture)." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_school_(architecture)CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_school_(architecture) Wiktionary. "rose window." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rose+windowCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rose+window Wiktionary. "modernism." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modernismCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/modernism Wikipedia. "Chicago window." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20windowCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20window Wikipedia. "Chicago School." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20SchoolCC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20School Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Europe and America in the 1800s CE