1. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 1 Observation of Anomalous e + e    (nS) h + h  Production at  (5S) Energies November 15, 2007, SLAC Experimental Seminar

2. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 2 Outline Motivation  (4S),  (3S)   (1S)  +   Template Dataset on  (5S) Event Selection for  (nS) h + h  Results Discussion Summary Preliminary All Results Preliminary arXiv:0710.2577 To be submitted soon to PRL

3. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 3 Motivation

4. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 4 Motivation I: because it’s there  ee ≃ 0.27 keV  ee ≃ 0.13 keV  ≃ 110 MeV  ≃ 20.5 MeV Belle has ~ 20 fb  1  (5S) data expect limits only... ~ 1.7 x 10  5 477 fb  1

5. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 5 Motivation II: Enhancement? PRD 74, 017504 (2006)

6. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 6 Motivation II: Enhancement? PRD 74, 017504 (2006) Conceived during FPCP2006 April ’06 in Vancouver

7. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 7 Motivation of Motivation I sat through this SLAC Expt’l Seminar...

8. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 8 Motivation of Motivation  Shuwei YE

9. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 9 Motivation II: Enhancement? Y(4260)

10. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 10 Shuwei YE Note to myself ~ 7/13/05

11. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 11 Shuwei YE

12. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 12 Shuwei YE [cs][cs]-bar 4-quark state

13. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 13 lattice Mass: Use QQg hybrid (CLEO favored) lattice work to illustrate - 10600 - 10900 MeV (Michael) Could scale down, ∵ ccg prediction typically higher than Y(4260) Could show up in ISR on  (5S) ➯ Could show up in ISR on  (5S) - 10900 – 11000 MeV (Juge, Kuti, Morningstar) Predicted ccg state ~ 4260 Prefers Higher Energy Scan ➯ Prefers Higher Energy Scan Width: 100 MeV (~ Y c = Y(4260)) plausible Product BR: Assume ~ Could be smaller or larger Guestimates BaBar/CLEO ─ ─ ─ 10865

14. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 14 hep-ph/0308293 nucl-th/0307116

15. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 15 Motivation II: Enhancement?

16. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 16 Backdrop: Data on  (5S) 1985: CUSB, CLEO @ CESR ~ 116 pb  2003: CLEO III @ CESR ~ 0.42 fb  1 June 2005: Belle @ KEKB ~ 1.86 fb  1 engineering run June 9-31, 2006: Belle @ KEKB ≅ 21.7 fb  1

17. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 17 solely because of “computing”. 1.86 fb  1 (2S) (3S) (4S) (5S) Rough study ~ 9/2006 (post summer) Hint of events above background Took a year to analyze 21.7 fb  1,

18. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 18  (3S),  (4S)   (1S)  +   Template Not a new subject

19. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 19  (3S)   (1S)  +   Understanding 2.9 fb  1 1.14 fb  1 75 PRD 75, 072001 (2007) (for  (3S)   +   + nothing) 98 PRL 98, 132001 (2007 ) DM (  (1S))

20. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 20  (3S)  (1S)      (2S)  (1S)      (3S)  (2S)     3S 2S 1S More can be done at Belle... 528 ± 24 1315 ± 39 4556 ± 70 Data from  (3S) Run

21. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 21  (2S)  (1S)      (3S)  (1S)      (3S)  (2S)     Brown-Cahn Model CLEO Model 75 PRD 75, 072001 (2007) ☞ allow E   E   term ! Brown-Cahn Model Moxhay Model Much better data than CLEO CLEO Model Data from  (3S) Run

22. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 22  (4S)   (1S)  +   Template 2S 3S 4S 477 fb  1 211 fb  1 75 PRD 75, 071103(R) (2007) 96 PRL 96, 232001 (2006 ) ~ 10  4

23. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 23  (2S)  (1S)      (3S)  (1S)      (4S)  (1S)     CLEO Model Brown-Cahn Model Data on  (4S)

24. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 24  (3S),  (4S)   (1S)  +   Template Published papers by Belle, BaBar and CLEO So,  (5S) straightforward.

25. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 25 Dataset on  (5S)

26. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 26 14 countries, 55 institutes, ~400 collaborators IHEP, Vienna ITEP Kanagawa U. KEK Korea U. Krakow Inst. of Nucl. Phys. Kyoto U. Kyungpook Nat’l U. EPF Lausanne Jozef Stefan Inst. / U. of Ljubljana / U. of Maribor U. of Melbourne BINP Chiba U. U. of Cincinnati Ewha Womans U. Fu-Jen Catholic U. U. of Giessen Gyeongsang Nat’l U. Hanyang U. U. of Hawaii Hiroshima Tech. IHEP, Beijing IHEP, Moscow Nagoya U. Nara Women’s U. National Central U. National Taiwan U. National United U. Nihon Dental College Niigata U. Nova Gorica Osaka U. Osaka City U. Panjab U. Peking U. Princeton U. Riken Saga U. USTC Seoul National U. Shinshu U. Sungkyunkwan U. U. of Sydney Tata Institute Toho U. Tohoku U. Tohuku Gakuin U. U. of Tokyo Tokyo Inst. of Tech. Tokyo Metropolitan U. Tokyo U. of Agri. and Tech. INFN Torino Toyama Nat’l College VPI Yonsei U. International Collaboration: Belle

27. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 27 e + source Ares RF cavity Belle detector World record: L = 1.7118 x 10 34 /cm 2 /sec SCC RF(HER) ARES(LER) 8 x 3.5 GeV 22 mrad crossing ~ 1 km in diameter Mt. Tsukuba KEKB Belle since 1999 First successful op. of Crab cavities The KEKB Collider

28. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 28   / K L detection 14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe Central Drift Chamber small cell +He/C 2 H 6 CsI(Tl) Aerogel Cherenkov Counter n=1.015~1.030 Si Vertex Detector 3(4) lyr. DSSD TOF SC Solenoid 1.5T 8 GeV e  3.5 GeV e  16X  ACC (PID) ECL SVD KLM CDC Belle Detector

29. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 29 Dataset on  (5S) Main Purpose: B s Physics e.g. 7 Will be submitted soon.

30. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 30 Event Selection for  (nS) h + h  h = , K

31. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 31 Event Selection for  (nS) h + h   Track Prompt: within 5 cm of IP in z (beam direction) 1 cm in transverse       h  h    X 0 Muon ID;loose h = , K No other charged tracks with p T > 100 MeV/c 2  |M(      - M(  (nS))| < 150 MeV/c 2 (3  )  (nS) candidate  cos  < 0.95  reject e  ’s faking   ’s Electron ID  h = K case Kaon ID Main bkg :  +       +    e + e  that mimic  (1S)e + e  Main bkg :  +       +    e + e  that mimic  (1S)e + e  (conversions) Remark: Looser than  (4S)   (1S)  +   analysis Crosschecks w/  (4S) and  (3S)

32. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 32 [→ ee[→ ee 3S 2S 1S 21.7 fb  1  e + e    (nS) h + h  at 10.87 GeV Signal box to optimize on background

33. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 33 477 fb  1 Corrected  (4S)   (1S)  +   Uncover from this study - Data and signal yield correct - Efficiency estimate for signal normalization was wrong 112 fb  New preliminary Result: newskim Based on new data skim (112 fb  ) w/ 4x efficiency Now consistent w/ BaBar Revised publication coming soon Note improved background shape

34. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 34 Results

35. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 35 2S 3S 4S 2S 3S 4S  (4S)   (1S)  +   Expect to vanish “  (5S)”   (1S)  +  ,  (2S)  +    (2S)  +   3S 4S > “  (5S)”  (1S)  +   Striking ! 1S 2S 3S

36. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 36 Remarks  Structure at ~ 0.84 GeV/c 2 below 3S: “  (5S)” →  (2S)  +   ↳  (1S) + X  “  (5S)”  “  (5S)” : single E CM energy at 10.87 GeV No clear indication of radiative tail 2S 3S 4S  e + e    (1S)  +   > “  (5S)” some other reflection ?

37. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 37 “  (5S)”   (nS)  +  ,  (1S) K + K   (1S)  +    (2S)  +    (3S)  +   3.2  14  20  Signal box to optimize on background  (1S) K + K   square box gives ~ 3.9  4.9  Kaon ID

38. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 38 Yield: Unbinned extended ML Fit signal yield bkg yield signal PDF [two Gaussians bkg PDF [linear ⇐ optimize box 20  14  4.9  3.2   (1S)  +    (2S)  +    (1S) K + K   (3S)  +  

39. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 39 Brown-Cahn Model phase space M(  ) and cos  Hel Distributions  (1S)  +    (2S)  +   Efficiency estimate: re-weighted MC according to data N.B. other two modes use B-C model due to limited statistics cos  Hel CLEO’07

40. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 40 Systematic Uncertainty Source Source  (1S)  +    (2S)  +    (3S)  +    (1S) K + K  Tracking 4.1% 4.6% 5.6% 4.1% Lepton Ident. 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% Electron rejection 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 3.6% Fitting 1.5% 3.7% 1.7% 1.4%  model 4.4% 6.8% 3.2% 13.6% M(  ) selection 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% Bhabha rejection 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% Trigger 0.9% 3.1% 4.5% 1.0% Luminosity 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% Cross-section 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0%  (nS) →  bf 2.0% 8.8% 9.6% 2.0% Total 9.0% 14.4% 14.0% 16.1%

41. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 41 Summary Table N.B. Resonance cross section 0.302 ± 0.015 nb at 10.87 GeV PRD 98, 052001 (2007) [Belle] Cf  (2S)   (1S)     ~ 6 keV  (3S) 0.9 keV  (4S) 1.8 keV Echoes Y(4260) Need Mechanism Is this  (5S), or the Y b state? Assume “  (5S)” =  (5S) PDG value taken for  (nS) properties Need Scan to tell N.B.   (5S)  e  e  ≃ 0.13 keV normal

42. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 42 Discussion

43. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 43 No Indication ! Certainly “Anomalous” !

44. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 44 Scan ? 10.75 10.8 10.85 10.9 10.95 11.0 98 PRL 98, 052001 (2007 ) 6/2005 “scan” 5 points, 30 pb  each (stat error) fit with   5S  = 110 MeV ~ 8 fb  (1 fb  pts) Compare Hadrons  vs  (1S)  +  ,   (2S)  +   Y b !?  10865  could be Y b  5S  - Y b mixture

45. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 45 Y(4320) More Y’s from BaBar and Belle

46. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 46 Y(4360) = Y(4320) ? Y(4360) = Y(4320) ? Y(4660) ! Y(4660) ! Two Y’s ? PRL99, 182004 (2007) PRL99, 142002 (2007)

47. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 47 Scan ? Compare Hadrons  vs  (1S)  +  ,   (2S)  +   Yb?Yb?Yb?Yb? 10.75 10.8 10.85 10.9 10.95 11.0 98 PRL 98, 052001 (2007 ) Scan could uncover rich structure ! Yb?Yb?Yb?Yb?’ 6/2005 “scan” 5 points, 30 pb  each (stat error) fit with   5S  = 110 MeV ~ 8 fb  (1 fb  pts)

48. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 48 A Super B Factory can study in detail.

49. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 49 Observation of “  (5S)”   (1S)  +  ,  (2S)  +   Evidence for “  (5S)”   (3S)  +  ,  (1S) K + K   Assuming  (5S) properties, B (  (5S)   (1S)  +   ) = B (  (5S)   (2S)  +   ) = B (  (5S)   (3S)  +   ) = B (  (5S)   (1S) K + K  ) = w/ partial widths 0.52 – 0.85 MeV ⇐ Very Large New preliminary Bf for  (4S)   (1S)  +   Summary arXiv:0710.2577 Cf. ~ 0.018 MeV for  (4S)   (1S)  +   Y(4260)-ish

50. New  (5S) decays from Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) SLAC Expt ’ l, 11/15/2007 50 Thank you !