1. Reflective group discussions about clinical experiences to facilitate reflection in undergraduate dental education Free stage ADEE Szeged 2015 Bas Koole, Hugo De Bruyn

2. Growing consensus: Educating dental students to become ‘reflective practitioners’ Reflection: Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20152 ? AwarenessCritical AnalysisOutcome Koole S, Dornan T, Aper L, Scherpbier A, Valcke M, Cohen-Schotanus J, Derese A. Factors confounding the assessment of reflection: a critical review. BMC Med Educ 2011.

3. How to develop reflection in dental students? Written reports Interviews -Students were negative towards writing reflections, rather than reflecting per se. -However they were positive about mentor group discussions Bush and Bissell. The evaluation of an approach to reflective learning in the undergraduate dental curriculum. EJDE 2008. Group reflections Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20153

4. Approach  Year 3 (treatment of first patient) to year 5 (graduation)  Student groups (n=8)  3 sessions a year (60-90 minutes)  Mentor: facilitate student reflections  Scenario: getting to know each other, critical incidents, the perfect dentist  No reports, no evaluation, only participation - just reflections  GOAL: discussion of - clinical experiences - personal development - personal feelings, emotions Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20154

5. Mentor -Establish a safe environment -Stimulate reflections by posing questions -Use experience to frame the discussed topics - Guide the discussion Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20155

6. Two-year experiences Both students and mentors are positive Safe environment works Students open-up in session 2-3 Student frustrations Reflections Mentors need to be coached/trained Part of an integrated approach towards reflection - BA1: process of reflection – communication - BA2: reflections based on clinic observations - BA3: start of group discussions (content) - MA1: reflections in portfolio learning - society and health + online case based discussion groups – periodontics (BA2-3) Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20156

7. Preliminary results Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20157 Statement 3rd year4th year LEARNING TO BECOME PROFESSIONAL MSDM Reflection is important to develop to become a dentist 3,880,603,671,03 Reflective group sessions are supportive to acquire an improved understanding in own clinical experiences 3,710,692,870,86 Reflective group sessions are supportive to acquire an improved understanding in own development as a dentist 3,680,583,130,97 Reflective group sessions act as a preparation for future peer communication 3,350,863,380,85 PERCEIVED EFFECT MSDM To have group reflections is beneficial compared to reflect individually 3,940,663,601,00 Reflective group sessions are instructive 3,650,613,200,76 I am positive about participating in reflective group sessions3,291,053,070,83

8. Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20158 Preliminary results Statement 3rd year4th year MENTORMSDM The used themes by the mentor were beneficial for the discussion during the sessions 3,351,113,320,79 A mentor is beneficial for the reflective group sessions4,290,774,000,64 The mentor stimulates reflection by posing the right questions4,000,614,170,53 The mentor frames the discussion about (clinical) experiences with his/her own experiences 4,000,944,130,68 ORGANISATIONMSDM Three sessions is ideal to reflect about clinical experiences 3,181,073,370,93 The used strategy without the need to present a written preparation and report afterwards is good 4,240,754,140,79 It is easy to organize a session possible for both group members and mentor to attend 3,881,113,170,99 I can share my thoughts freely during a reflective group session3,820,814,130,63 I experience sufficient space to introduce my own thoughts during a reflective group session 3,820,644,130,57 I experience sufficient space to react on others thoughts during a reflective group session 3,940,754,100,61

9. Conclusion Koole, De Bruyn – Reflective group discussions to facilitate reflection – ADEE Szeged 20159 - Low threshold to reflect - Mentors have a pivotal role - Positive student perceptions How is reflection developed at your institution? Could this initiative be something for you? QUESTION Sebastiaan.Koole@UGent.be – Hugo.Debruyn@UGent.be