2. Tumors of the Bone By: Pretoria Hoyte

3. Etiology: A tumor is a lump or mass of tissue that forms when cells divide uncontrollably. A growing tumor may replace healthy tissue with abnormal tissue. This may weaken the bone causing it to break. Most tumors are non-cancerous (benign), some are cancerous (malignant)

4. Etiology: cont. Multiple Myeloma- the most common primary bone cancer, is a malignant tumor of the bone marrow. Most cases are seen in patients aged 50 to 70, and any bone can be involved Osteogenic sarcoma- the second most common bone cancer. Most of these tumors occur around the knee. Other locations include the hip and shoulder Osteochondroma- is the most common benign tumor, usually affecting the humerus, tibia, femur

5. Symptoms Most patients with a bone tumor will experience pain in the area of the tumor Some tumors can also cause fevers and night sweats Many patients will not experience any symptoms, but will instead note a painless mass

6. Diagnostic Tests This bone scan confirms there is a bone tumor in the middle of the femur A complete blood count and platelet count may be done Serum protein levels are checked

7. Diagnostic Tests cont. Needle biopsy- the doctor inserts a needle into the tumor to remove some tissue Open biopsy- the doctor uses surgery to remove tissue

8. Treatment In many cases, benign tumors just need to be watched. Generally the malignant tumor is removed using surgery Limb salvage surgery Amputation Radiation therapy Systemic treatment (chemotherapy)

9. Nursing Interventions Preoperatively the patient and family need complete and concise info about procedures Postoperatively the nurse need to perform neurovascular assessments Monitor vital signs Provide cast care or dressing changes with careful documentation of drainage, odors, and check for signs of circulation impairment

10. The End