1. V i r u s e s
Non-Living

2. What is a V i r u s?
A disease causing particle consisting of hereditary material enclosed in a protein coat that is smaller and less complex than a cell

3. What is a Virus? A virus infects a host.
A host is a living thing that provides a home and food for a parasite.
A parasite is an organism that survives by living on or in a host organism, thus harming it.

4. What does a virus look like?

5. Viral Structures and Names
Figure 19-9 Virus Structures
Viral Structures and Names
Tobacco Mosaic
Virus
T4 Bacteriophage
Influenza Virus
RNA
Capsid
proteins
Head
Tail sheath
DNA
Tail fiber
RNA
Capsid
Surface
proteins
Membrane
envelope
The really small guys.

6. How does a virus reproduce?
1. Attaches to a cell.
2. Injects hereditary material into the cell.
3. Uses cell to perform life functions. (for the virus)
4. Virus replicates using the cell.
The cell ruptures, releasing multiple copies of the virus.
6. The cell dies.

7. Life Cycles

8. What are some examples of a virus?
Colds, fever blisters, and warts.
AIDS, measles, influenza, hepatitis, small pox, polio, mumps, encephalitis, herpes.

9. P a p i l l o m a v i r u s - W a r t s

10. I n f l u e n z e v i r u s - F l u

11. H u m a n I m m u n o d e f i c i e n c y V i r u s - A I D S

12. R a b i e s V i r u s

13. Viral Diseases
Type of Virus
Nucleic Acid
Disease
Oncogenic viruses
Retrovirus
Adenoviruses
Herpesviruses
Poxviruses
DNA
RNA
Cancer
Cancer, AIDS
Respiratory infections
Chickenpox
Smallpox
Some viruses can be prevented with vaccines. Antibiotics do not work on viruses. Why not?

14. What defines life? Must meet ALL of H.O.G.R.E.C.R. Homeostasis
Organization (atoms to organism)
Growth & development
Reproduction
Energy use/metabolism
Cell(s)
Respond to stimulus

15. Viruses are not Cells Viruses have nucleic acids
Viruses have a protein coat
Viruses cannot grow
Viruses do not use energy
Viruses do not meet all of H.O.G.R.E.C.R.
Viruses can change over time using energy from host cells

16. Bacteria

17. Structure of a Bacterium
Peptidoglycan
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosome
Flagellum
DNA
Pili
Bacteria are prokaryotes. (Cell is prokaryotic)
“Little bit larger now” but still microscopic.

18. Bacterial Diseases and Prevention
Pathogen
Prevention
Tooth decay
Lyme disease
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Salmonella food poisoning
Pneumonia
Cholera
Streptococcus mutans
Borrelia burgdorferi
Clostridium tetani
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Salmonella enteritidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vibrio cholerae
Regular dental hygiene
Protection from tick bites
Current tetanus vaccination
Vaccination
Proper food-handling practices
Maintaining good health
Clean water supplies
Proper hygiene can prevent many bacterial infections. Antibiotics treat most bacterial diseases.