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Nitrogen and carbon cycle Ruben A. Hernandez Nitrogen  Nitrogen is important for all living organisms and is used for amino acids, DNA, and RNA.  About.

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Presentation on theme: "Nitrogen and carbon cycle Ruben A. Hernandez Nitrogen  Nitrogen is important for all living organisms and is used for amino acids, DNA, and RNA.  About."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Nitrogen and carbon cycle Ruben A. Hernandez

3 Nitrogen  Nitrogen is important for all living organisms and is used for amino acids, DNA, and RNA.  About 78% of the Earths atmosphere is Nitrogen (N²) however this cannot be used by most organisms. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NitrogenRencer.png

4 Nitrogen cycle  Is the process in which nitrogen is converted into its various chemical forms.  Important process include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.

5 Fixation  Process where Atmospheric nitrogen is turned into forms plants can use.  Some occurs during lightning strikes.  Most occurs through bacteria in the soil or on the roots of plants.  Haber–Bosch process- uses high temperature and pressure to convert Nitrogen gas and Hydrogen into ammonia which is then used as fertilizer

6 Ammonification  Bacteria convert the organic nitrogen of dead plants, animals, or animal waste back into ammonium (NH 4 + )

7 Nitrification  The conversion of ammonium into nitrate or nitrite.  Very soluble, thus gets into groundwater and other water sources.  High levels can be dangerous causing diseases such as Methemoglobinemia, as well as disrupting marine environments.

8 Dentrification  Bacteria convert nitrates back into Nitrogen gas (N 2 )  This process is used to remove nitrogen from sewage,

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10 Carbon cycle  Carbon like nitrogen is another element important for life.  The carbon cycle is the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and the geosphere

11 Atmosphere  Exist in two main forms carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). (both greenhouse gasses)  Carbon dioxide leaves the atmosphere through photosynthesis, dissolves into bodies of water (oceans, lakes, etc.), and absorbed in rocks through weathering. http://blog.gotopac.com/2013/04/09/carbon-dioxide- dangers-management/

12 Geological carbon cycle.  Operates slowly compared to the other parts of the carbon cycle.  Stored in the earths lithosphere, comprised of the upper mantle and earths crust.  Stored as limestone, and kerogen,  Released into atmosphere and oceans through volcanes, and human consumption of fossil fuels. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_shale

13 Human activity  Humans affect the carbon cycle through the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and coal.  Deforestation: clearing of forests to use the land for farms, ranches, and urban use.  Pollution http://photopostsblog.com/2008/11/26/factory-smoke- polluting-air-in-pictures/

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15 Question 1  What is nitrogen fixation and what are some ways this part of the process occurs?

16 Answer Question 1  Nitrogen fixation is the process where atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into forms that can be used by plants.  Can occur through lighting strikes, bacteria, and through human industry such as the Haber–Bosch process

17 Question 2  How have Humans affected both the nitrogen and carbon cycles?

18 Answer Question 2  Humans have the nitrogen cycle through production of fertilizers, which eventually may end up in our oceans.  Carbon cycle has been affected through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

19 Question 3  Why is carbon and nitrogen important for life?

20 Answer question 3  Nitrogen and carbon both make up the molecules needed for life which include DNA, RNA, proteins. Carbon us also used as energy in the form of carbohydrates and lipids.


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