1. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. A2 Unit 3: Lesson2 – 19/9/2011. Learning Objective: To introduce the section of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) and the use of these illegal substances in elite sport. 1

2. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. Drugs have been used by elite performers since the Ancient Olympics. The use of drugs to enhance performance is a major problem in elite sport in the 21 st century. This section on drugs will be split into 3 categories: 1 – Ethics of drug use; 2 – Methods of testing; 3 – Policies in place to eradicate the use of drugs. 2

3. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. What drugs are we talking about? Ones that produce an ergogenic effect or act as an ergogenic aid – they improve performance above what might be achieved normally. This then generally excludes ‘recreational drugs’. Which specific drugs you need to know? 1 – Erythropoietin (EPO) 2 – Anabolic steroids 3 – Human growth hormone (HGH) 4 – Beta blockers 5 – Diuretics 6 – Stimulants TASK: Define these drugs and state their effect on performance. 3

4. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. Examples. TASK: State two examples where elite performers have used performance enhancing drugs (PEDs). In your examples state why the performer chose to use the drug, which drug they used and the consequences they suffered as a result of using the drug. Consequences refers to the effect on the performance, long term effects on health and any punishment that was given to the performer for their use of an illegal drug. 4

5. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. A2 Unit 3: Lesson 3 – 26/9/2011. Learning Objective: To focus on the ETHICS of drug use in elite sport. 5

6. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. What do we mean by ETHICS? Code, rules, moral values, beliefs. Have these qualities been lost in modern day life? What would you do if you found someone’s wallet/purse in the street with £100 cash inside? Why do elite performers turn to drugs? 1Lack moral values and do not view it as most others would – i.e cheating. 2Believe everyone else is taking drugs. 3Lack physical and psychological attributes to make it to the top 6

7. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. 4Not aware they have taken the drug i.e leave all medical matters to their coach. 5Rewards for winning are so great. 6Maintain livelihood, staying at the top. 7Wrong guidance or educational programmes, including role models, when young. 8Pressured by coaches or managers. 9Speed recovery from injury. 7

8. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. “the use of PEDs seems to be most common in sports that have a high proportion of closed skills – where the relationship between physiological attributes and success is most clearly linked and direct.” (AQA Physical Education. A2) TASK: Research two elite performers views on performance enhancing drugs. Try to find examples for and against. 8

9. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. A2 Unit 3: Lesson 4 and 5 – 17/10/2011 Learning Objective: To focus on methods of testing and policies in place to eradicate the use of PED’s. 9

10. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. Methods of testing. In the UK performers submit themselves to a drug testing regime as agreed with their sports national governing body. This includes: Notification of performers whereabouts to NADO (National Anti-Doping Organisation). Drug tester turning up unannounced at any time. Taking the samples, including the choosing of sample pots, observation of the sample, taking of a B sample and the signing of the sample form. Being asked if they have taken any medication in last 7 days. Bar coding the sample so as performer identity is not known by laboratory. 10

11. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. Policies and organisations in place to deter/eradicate the use of PED’s. WADA The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was created in 1999, after major doping scandals hit the world of sports. The independent international organisation was created to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against doping in sport around the world. WADA is governed and funded by both the sport movement (Olympic Movement) and governments of the world. The World Anti-Doping Code The World Anti Doping Code, known as the Code, was created to ensure that athletes in all countries and all sports are subject to the same anti-doping rules and procedures, to ensure fairness. The Code works in conjunction with five International Standards that provide more technical guidance to anti-doping organisations. 11

12. SPORT AND THE USE OF DRUGS. WADA's Activities From setting anti- doping rules and standards, to educating athletes about the dangers of doping, to accrediting anti-doping laboratories, WADA's main activities reflect the importance of a comprehensive approach to the fight against doping in sport. NADO (National Anti-Doping Organisation). This is the UK based organisation that oversees the testing programme. They determine which sports will be required to provide information on players whereabouts. Athletes on system will be agreed between NADO and sport’s NGB. Performers required to provide quarterly information on exact whereabouts. 12