1. Plant Flowers

2. What are the role of flowers for plants?

3. Role of flowers Sexual recombination - perpetuation of the species

4. Role of flowers Sexual recombination - perpetuation of the species Attract pollinators

5. Role of flowers Sexual recombination - perpetuation of the species Attract pollinators Provide nectar for pollinators

6. Role of flowers Sexual recombination - perpetuation of the species Attract pollinators Provide nectar for pollinators Formation of fruit

7. Parts of the Flower - Receptacle Attachment point for flower

8. Parts of the Flower - Receptacle Attachment point for flower Serves as base for flower

9. Parts of the Flower - Receptacle Attachment point for flower Serves as base for flower Some fruits are mostly receptacle tissue i.e. apple, pear

10. Nectarines Found at base inside of flower

11. Nectaries Found at base inside of flower Sugar solution - nectar

12. Nectaries Found at base inside of flower Sugar solution - nectar Attractant for pollinators

13. Nectaries Found at base inside of flower Sugar solution - nectar Attractant for pollinators Pollinators move pollen between flowers in recovery of nectar

14. Parts of the flower - sepals Protect developing flower bud

15. Parts of the flower - sepals Protect developing flower bud When flower opens, peel away from bud

16. Parts of the flower - sepals Protect developing flower bud When flower opens, peel away from bud Modified leaves - mostly green, can be colored in some flowers

17. Parts of the flower - sepals Protect developing flower bud When flower opens, peel away from bud Modified leaves - mostly green, can be colored in some flowers Collectively known as calyx

18. Parts of the flower - petals Collectively also called corolla

19. Parts of the flower - petals Collectively also called corolla Can be fused together - fused corolla

20. Parts of the flower - petals Collectively also called corolla Can be fused together - fused corolla Often very colorful

21. Parts of the flower - petals Collectively also called corolla Can be fused together - fused corolla Often very colorful Various shapes, numbers, and arrangements

22. Parts of the flower - petals Collectively also called corolla Can be fused together - fused corolla Often very colorful Various shapes, numbers, and arrangements Attractant for pollinators, guides pollinators to nectar sources

23. Parts of the flower - stamen Male portion of flower

24. Parts of the flower - stamen Male portion of flower Filament - support stalk for anthers

25. Parts of the flower - stamen Male portion of flower Filament - support stalk for anthers Anthers - generate, support, and disperse pollen grains

26. Parts of the flower - stamen Male portion of flower Filament - support stalk for anthers Anthers - generate, support, and disperse pollen grains Pollen grains - chromosome number half of other plant cells

27. Parts of the flower - pistil Female portion of flower

28. Parts of the flower - pistil Female portion of flower Stigma - attachment point for pollen grains

29. Parts of the flower - pistil Female portion of flower Stigma - attachment point for pollen grains Style - support for stigma, pollen tube from pollen grains travels down center

30. Parts of the flower - pistil Female portion of flower Stigma - attachment point for pollen grains Style - support for stigma, pollen tube from pollen grains travels down center Ovary - location where ovules (egg cells) are located, will become fruit tissue

31. Grass flowers Has pistil and stamens

32. Grass flowers Has pistil and stamens Does not have petals or sepals

33. Grass flowers Has pistil and stamens Does not have petals or sepals

34. Complete flowers Has all 4 parts - sepals, petals, stamens, pistil

35. Incomplete flowers Missing one or more parts

36. Incomplete flowers Missing one or more parts Perfect - has sexual parts - stamens and pistil, missing sepals and/or petals

37. Incomplete flowers Missing one or more parts Imperfect - missing either pistil or stamens Staminate flowers - stamens only Pistillate flowers - pistil only

38. Plants with imperfect flowers Monoecious Flowers with pistil only, flowers with stamens only, located on same plant Ex. Corn, cucurbits

39. Plants with imperfect flowers Dioecious Plants have either flowers with pistil only or stamens only. Male and female plants Ex. Holly, asparagus, hops

40. What is pollination and how does pollination occur?

41. Pollination is the movement of pollen from anthers to stigma

42. Pollination Self-pollination - pollination occurs within the same flower or among flowers of the same plant

43. Pollination Self-pollination - pollination occurs within the same flower or among flowers of the same plant Some flowers are self- pollinated before they open

44. Pollination Cross-pollination - pollination occurs between flowers of different plants

45. Pollination Cross-pollination - pollination occurs between flowers of different plants Plants have developed strategies to prevent self-pollination and ensure cross-pollination

46. Pollination vectors Wind - light weight pollen grains, causes human allergies

47. Pollination vectors Wind - light weight pollen grains, causes human allergies Insects - attaches insect body, moved in insects attempt to get nectar

48. Pollination vectors Wind - light weight pollen grains, causes human allergies Insects - attaches insect body, moved in insects attempt to get nectar Birds - when retrieving nectar

49. Pollination vectors Wind - light weight pollen grains, causes human allergies Insects - attaches insect body, moved in insects attempt to get nectar Birds - when retrieving nectar Humans - controlled crosses

50. What is plant fertilization and how does it occur?

51. Fertilization is the union of nuclei from the pollen grains and the egg cells that results in the formation of a zygote

52. Process of fertilization Pollen attaches to stigma

53. Process of fertilization Pollen attaches to stigma Pollen tube grows through style, ovary, and attaches to ovule (egg cells)

54. Process of fertilization Pollen attaches to stigma Pollen tube grows through style, ovary, and attaches to ovule (egg cells) Pollen nuclei travel through pollen tube to ovule

55. Process of fertilization Pollen attaches to stigma Pollen tube grows through style, ovary, and attaches to ovule (egg cells) Pollen nuclei travel through pollen tube to ovule Pollen nuclei unite with egg nuclei

56. Process of fertilization Pollen attaches to stigma Pollen tube grows through style, ovary, and attaches to ovule (egg cells) Pollen nuclei travel through pollen tube to ovule Pollen nuclei unite with egg nuclei Zygote begins to develop

57. Pick 3 plants and answer the following questions? Are your plants flowering? If so, do they have complete flowers? If not, what type of flowers do they have? How many sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils does each flower have? Can you tell how they are is pollinated?