1. Summary of the 19 th Century

2. BOURBON DYNASTY

3. Conservative Domination: The European States Great Britain: Rule of the Tories Corn Laws  Reform of 1832  Poor Laws  Repeal of Corn Laws  Reforms of 1867 Restoration of France Louis XVIII  Charles X  Louis Philippe  Provisional govn’t  Napoleon Intervention in the Italian States (Austrian) and Spain (French) Central Europe, the German Confederation Fred Will III  IV and the Frankfurt Assembly Burschednschaften  (K)Carlsbad Decrees = Censorship Austrian Empire Russia Rural, agricultural, and autocratic Alexander I (1801-1825) Nicholas I (1825-1855) Alexander III (1881-1894) Abolished Serfdom and established the Zemstovs

4. The Balkans by 1830 ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.

5. Ideologies of Change Liberalism Economic liberalism  Laissez-faire Political liberalism  Ideology of political liberalism Nationalism Part of a community with common institutions, traditions, language, and customs Allied with liberalism Socialism Utopian Socialism

6. Revolutions and Reforms, 1830-1850 Roll of nationalism More French revolutions Revolts in Greece Austrian Netherlands given to Dutch Republic Revolt by the Belgians Revolt attempts in Poland and Italy Revolts led to reform in Britain Revolts in Central Europe

7. Foreign policy: Crimean War The Ottoman Empire Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire Encroachment of the Russian Empire Loss of territory Crimean War Russian demand to protect Christian shrines (Privilege already given to the French) Ottomans refuse; Russia invades Turks declare war, October 4, 1853 Britain and France declare war on Russia, March 28, 1854 Destroys the Concert of Europe Political effects of the war Austria v Russia Britain

8. National Unification: Italy and Germany Mazzini Cavour Garibaldi Bismarck Austro-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War

9. The Austrian Empire: Dual Monarchy

10. Europe in 1871 ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.