1. The Art of Ancient Egypt
Chapter Seven
The Art of Ancient Egypt

2. Vocabulary Words
Pharaoh
Dynasty
Sarcophagus
Mastaba
Obelisk

3. Egyptian Civilization
5000 BC people settled in the fertile valley of the Nile River

4. Early Inhabitants
Yearly flooding of the Nile River brought fertile soil to the region
Farming production arose as a result

6. Formation of Kingdoms Increase in settlement Increase in population
Growth of villages and towns
(ruled by a Pharoah)

7. Periods in Egyptian History
Old Kingdom (3100 BC)
Middle Kingdom (2050 BC)
New Kingdom (1570 BC)

8. Old Kingdom Pharaoh Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt in 3100 BC
Established capital at Memphis
Rule was overthrown with the rise of independent nobles

9. Middle Kingdom Nobles took control of Thebes (city on the Nile River)
Unified Egypt

10. Middle Kingdom Time of law, order, and prosperity in Egypt
Pharaoh not as powerful as during the Old Kingdom
Defeated by the Hyksos who fought with horse and chariot while Egyptians battled on foot

11. New Kingdom
Pharaoh Amenhotep III reached the peak of power and influence
Thebes: royal capital

13. New Kingdom Amenhotep IV tried to break with traditions:
Changed religion to no longer recognize many gods to one (Aton)

15. Decline of Egypt Conquered by Alexander the Great of Macedonia
Finally in 30 BC was made into a province of Rome

16. The Pyramids Design: Built on almost perfectly square ground plan
Base was greater than height
Wider than it was taller

17. Pyramids as Tombs
Built to house the pharaoh and his treasures during the next life (after life)

18. Pharaoh’s Treasures
Sarcophagus:
A stone coffin

20. Evolution of the Pyramid Shape
Shaped gradually developed:
Shallow pit
Mastaba: a low, flat tomb
Pyramid

21. Seven.Two

22. Egyptian Sculpture and Painting
The Great Sphinx
Old Kingdom
Carved rock
Presents the pharaoh’s head on the body of a lion

23. Portrait of Khafre Seated portrait Solid, block-like form
Carved from diorite
Solid, block-like form
Body appears rigid (stiff)

25. Destruction Middle Kingdom destroyed by Hyksos
Therefore, much of the artwork from the Middle Kingdom was destroyed

26. Portrait of King Sesostris
Skill demonstrated in realistic rendering of facial features
Skill in sensitivity

27. Rules of Egyptian Art
Every part of the body must be shown from the most familiar point of view
Head, arms, legs, and feet shown in profile
Eyes and shoulders presented from the front
Rules caused the bodies to look distorted and unnatural

29. Rules of Egyptian Art
Egyptians were greatly concerned with life after death
Paintings = substitute for the body after death
Complete image = vital

30. Art in Egyptian Tombs
Important in tombs
Very colorful

33. Portrait of Nakht
New Kingdom
Stiff and solemn
Pose fitting for rank

34. Hieroglyphics An early form of picture writing
Symbols which communicated information