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RECONSTRUCTION Reuniting North and South By S. Forner.

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Presentation on theme: "RECONSTRUCTION Reuniting North and South By S. Forner."— Presentation transcript:

1 RECONSTRUCTION Reuniting North and South By S. Forner

2 RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877

3 SOUTH DEVASTATED BY WAR

4 AFTER SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA The Confederate defeat left most white Southerners in a state of shock. The appalling loss of life was a disaster without parallel in the American experience. Over one-fifth of the South's adult white population of military age died during the Civil War. The Confederate defeat left most white Southerners in a state of shock. The appalling loss of life was a disaster without parallel in the American experience. Over one-fifth of the South's adult white population of military age died during the Civil War.

5 POLITICS IN THE SOUTH Scalawags – White Southerners who became Republicans Scalawags – White Southerners who became Republicans Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved South after the War Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved South after the War Southern Democrats lost Control Southern Democrats lost Control Ultimately, Federal troops stationed in five military zones Ultimately, Federal troops stationed in five military zones

6 John Wilkes Booth Changed History

7 President Andrew Johnson Why did the Republican Congress not trust this man? Why did the Republican Congress not trust this man?

8 STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF RECONSTRUCTION Executive Plan Lincoln’s 10% Plan Executive Plan Lincoln’s 10% Plan Andrew Johnson carries on Lincoln’s Plan Andrew Johnson carries on Lincoln’s Plan Moderate Plan Moderate Plan Goal was to bring South quickly back to the Union Goal was to bring South quickly back to the Union Congressional Plan Congressional Plan Wade-Davis Bill Wade-Davis Bill Radical Republicans Radical Republicans Harsh Plan to make the South Pay Harsh Plan to make the South Pay Oath of Allegiance to the United States Oath of Allegiance to the United States

9 AFRICAN AMERICAN LEGISLATORS Francis L. Cardozo was elected to the constitutional convention of 1868, and became the first black state official in South Carolina's history, holding the positions of secretary of state (1868-72) and treasurer (1872-76). He was defeated for reelection in 1876, when Democrats launched a campaign of violence that ended Republican rule in the state. Francis L. Cardozo was elected to the constitutional convention of 1868, and became the first black state official in South Carolina's history, holding the positions of secretary of state (1868-72) and treasurer (1872-76). He was defeated for reelection in 1876, when Democrats launched a campaign of violence that ended Republican rule in the state.

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11 RECONSTRUCTION LEGISLATION Freedman’s Bureau Act Freedman’s Bureau Act Provided Medical assistance and education to former slaves and war refugees Provided Medical assistance and education to former slaves and war refugees Served as a buffer against night riders perpetrating violence against former slaves Served as a buffer against night riders perpetrating violence against former slaves Drove a wedge between poor whites and former slaves Drove a wedge between poor whites and former slaves

12 Thirteenth Amendment Ends slavery in all states as well as involuntary servitude Ends slavery in all states as well as involuntary servitude

13 Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted Citizenship and equal protection under the law

14 FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT Grants citizenship to former slaves and ensures due process under the law

15 RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF 1867 Abolished governments formed in the former Confederate states. Divided States into five military zones

16 The hated Military Zones Radical Republicans divide South into five military zones Radical Republicans divide South into five military zones Voters elected delegates to rewrite State Constitutions Voters elected delegates to rewrite State Constitutions President Johnson veto’s Act President Johnson veto’s Act Congress overrides veto Congress overrides veto

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18 FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT Voting rights for African American men

19 ENFORCEMENT ACT OF 1870 Protected voting rights of African Americans and gave the federal government power to enforce 15 th amendment

20 PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON IMPEACHED Radical Republicans pass Tenure of Office Act Radical Republicans pass Tenure of Office Act Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War (Radical Republican) was removed from office Edwin Stanton, Secretary of War (Radical Republican) was removed from office Johnson impeached, but not convicted by 1 vote Johnson impeached, but not convicted by 1 vote

21 Corruption of Grant Administration Rise of the Political Machines and Corruption Rise of the Political Machines and Corruption Most corrupt was “Boss Tweed” in New York Most corrupt was “Boss Tweed” in New York Members of administration resign amidst scandal Members of administration resign amidst scandal

22 Panic of 1873 Economic downturn begins in Europe Economic downturn begins in Europe By Fall of 1873 Jay Cooke’s investment firm is bankrupt By Fall of 1873 Jay Cooke’s investment firm is bankrupt Cooke is the principal backer of the Northern Pacific Railroad Cooke is the principal backer of the Northern Pacific Railroad Grant is blamed for the economic downturn Grant is blamed for the economic downturn

23 Whiskey Ring

24 RECONSTRUCTION COLLAPSES Compromise of 1876 Compromise of 1876 North tires of spending money reconstructing the South North tires of spending money reconstructing the South Grant’s corrupt administration angers Republicans Grant’s corrupt administration angers Republicans Rutherford B. Hayes allowed to take Presidential office if North removes military zones in South Rutherford B. Hayes allowed to take Presidential office if North removes military zones in South

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26 What happened to former Slaves? Most will end up as sharecroppers working the same plantations where they served as slaves Most will end up as sharecroppers working the same plantations where they served as slaves

27 Black Codes

28 Tenant farmer

29 END OF RECONSTRUCTION With the South no longer under Northern military rule, Black Codes are put in place and the Klan begins their time of terror With the South no longer under Northern military rule, Black Codes are put in place and the Klan begins their time of terror

30 Jim Crow laws


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