2. Protozoans By: Isabel Perna & Daniel Castano

3. WHAT ARE PROTOZOANS? Animal like protist Protists are any organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus Called protozoa because it means “first animal” As animals, they are classified as heterotrophs (meaning that they depend on other organisms for food)

4. Types of protozoans There are four type of protozoans and they are distinguished by the way they move Types of protozoans - Zooflagellates - Sarcodines - Cilliates - Sporozoans

5. Zooflagellates Protozoans that swim using flagella are called Zooflagellates Flagellas are long, whiplike, projection that allows the cell to move, most of the times through aquatic enviroments Genrally have 1 or 2 flagellas, and rarely they have more

6. How do Zooflagellates look like? Leishmania DonovaniTrichonomas Vaginalis

7. Zooflagellates They are able to absorb food by their cell membrane Many live in lakes and streams, to absorb nutrients from decaying organic materials Others live in bodies of other organisms, to take advantage of food that larger organisms provide

8. Reproduction of zooflagellates Some reproduce asexually through binary fission, meaning that it divides into 2 cells that are genetical identical Other have a sexual life cycle During this cycle, gamete cells are produced by meiosis. When gametes from two organisms fuse, an oganisms with a new combination of genetic information is formed

9. SARCODINES Protazoans that use pseudopods for movements and feedings Pseudopods are members of sacordines that move by means of temporary projections of cytoplasm There are different types of sacordines like amoebas, forasmitter, and heliozoans

10. AMOEBAS Common sarcodine, that is a flexible, acive cell with thick pseudopods that extend the central mass of the cell. It moves in amoeboids movement, meaning that the cytoplasm of the cell streams into the pseudopod, and the rest of the cell follows. They can capture and digest particles of food and cells, and then form a food vacuole. They reproduce by binary fission

11. Foraminiferans & heliozoans Foraminiferans is another member of Sarcodines, they are commoly found in warmer zones of the ocean. They secrete shell of calcium carbonate. Accumulated calcium sometimes forms oceans floors. Heliozoans meaning “sun animals.” They produce shell of silica. Spikes of cytoplams, suported by microtubeles, project from the shell, making them look like sun’s rays

12. Ciliates The phylum ciliphora is named for cilia, short hair like projections similar to flagella Members of phylum ciliphora is known as ciliates, use cilia for feeding and movements Cilia line the organism’s gullet and move its food to the organism’s interiors They reproduce asexually by mitosis and binary fission

13. Ciliates Conjugation When paced under stress, paramecia may engage in a process known as conjugation that allows them to exchange genetic materials with other individuals During conjugation, two paramecia attach themselves to each other and exchange genetic information Conjugation increases genetic diversity

14. Sporozoans Protozoans that do not move on their own and are parasitic. Sporozoans are parasites of a wide variety of organisms, invluding worms, fish, birds, and humans They reproduce by sporozoites, meaning it can attach itself to a host cell, penetrate it, and the live within it as a parasite

15. Diseases Protazoans can caused series disease like malaria and African sleeping sickness Malaria is one of the most dangerous sickness 300-500 million people suffer of Malaria, and 2 million die from it every year Malaria is an infectious blood disease transfer by mosquito bites

16. How Can you get Malaria? You can get malaria if an infected mosquito bites you, its saliva contains sportozoites of the parasite; and the saliva enters your bloodstream. When the saliva is inside the body, plasmodium infects liver cells and then red blood cells. Plasmodium multiplies rapidly within the infected cells. When red blood cells burst, the let out a lot of toxin, or poisons into the bloodstream. The toxins are the ones that produce the chills and fever that are symptoms of malaria.

17. Malaria

18. The End!!