3.  Actually it’s not a famous painting by Magritte, it’s a digital image of the painting

9.  Semiotics is a tradition that calls attention to meaning making in culture, particularly the media.  It can be traced back to the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and was developed further by French thinker Roland Barthes.

10.  The basic unit of meaning in Saussure's version of semiotics, is the Sign. A sign is anything that makes meaning.

11. All sig.

13.  Connotations involve signifying signs, signs that become the signifier for a second signified. Connotations  Here the sign "rose" becomes a signifier for a secondary signified, namely love or passion