1. 1Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 Providing Eye and Ear Care

2. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 2 Objectives f Identify ways that patients can practice preventive eye care f Describe the anatomy and physiology of the ear f State ways that hearing changes with age f List the types of hearing loss

3. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 3 Objectives f Explain the procedures for screening and diagnosing ear problems f Describe treatment for ear and hearing disorders f Explain how patients can be educated about preventive ear care

4. The Medical Assistant’s Role in Eye and Ear Care

5. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 5 The Medical Assistant’s Role in Eye and Ear Care f May involve performing vision and hearing tests f May assist doctor in providing treatment f Ophthalmic Assistant

6. Vision

7. The Eye f Outer layer *Sclera *Cornea f Middle layer *Choroid *Iris *Pupil *Ciliary body *Lens *Aqueous humor *Vitreous humor

8. The Eye f The Inner layer *Retina *Nerve cells  Rods  Cones

9. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 9 Accessory Structures f Eye sockets (orbits) f Eyebrows and eyelashes f Eyelids f Conjunctiva f Lacrimal apparatus f Eye muscles

10. The Aging Eye

11. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 11 Changes That Occur With Age f Fat tissue diminishes f Quality and quantity of tears decrease f Conjunctiva becomes thinner and drier f Cornea begins to appear yellow f Sclera may develop brown spots f Pupil becomes smaller f Lens becomes denser and more rigid f Yellowing of lens causes problems in distinguishing color

12. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 12 Changes That Occur With Age f Changes in the retina may make vision fuzzy f Ability to adapt to changes in light intensity reduced f Night vision may be impaired f Peripheral vision reduced f Vitreous humor breaks down f Rubbing of the vitreous humor on retina produces “sparks”

13. Vision Testing

14. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 14 Types of Vision Screening Tests f Distance vision *Snellen letter chart *20/20 f Near vision f Contrast sensitivity f Color vision

15. Treating Eye Problems

16. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 16 Common Eye Problems f Conjunctivitis f Blepharititis f Corneal abrasions

17. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 17 Administration of Medications to the Eye f The medical assistant may *dispense medications *explain their use f Use only medications for ophthalmic use f Avoid touching dropper or ointment tube tip to the eye f Eye irrigation

18. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 18 Vision Aids f Eyeglasses or contact lenses f Prescribed by *Ophthalmologist *Optometrist

19. Hearing

20. The Ear f Hearing and maintaining balance f Three parts of ear *External ear *Middle ear *Inner ear

21. External Ear f Auricle *cartilage and skin f Ear canal *Lined with hairs and glands *Produces cerumen f Eardrum separates external ear from middle ear

22. Middle Ear f Air-filled cavity f Contains 3 small bones *Malleus (hammer) *Incus (anvil) *Stapes (stirrup) f Eustachian tube

23. Inner Ear (Labyrinth) f Cochlea *Spiral-shaped canal *Contains shearing receptors f Three semicircular canals *Help maintain balance

24. The Hearing Process f Sound waves of different frequency *Collect in middle ear *Channeled to eardrum *Waves make eardrum vibrate *Vibrations are amplified by bones of middle ear *Vibrations cause tiny hairs in cochlea to bend *Movements trigger nerve impulses *Transmitted by auditory nerve to brain f Bone conduction

25. The Ear and Balance f Brain monitors position of body based on information received from *Semicircular canals *Eyes *Muscles f Brain uses this information to maintain balance

26. The Aging Ear

27. Changes That Occur With Aging f External ear appears larger f Earlobe gets longer, maybe wrinkled f Glands that produce cerumen less efficient f Ear canal becomes narrower f Eardrum may shrink and appear dull and gray f Joints between bones in middle ear degenerate f Semicircular canals become less sensitive, affecting balance

28. Hearing Loss

29. Types of Hearing Loss f Conductive *Caused by interruption in transmission of sound waves *May be caused by  obstruction of the ear canal  infection of the middle ear  reduced movement of stirrup

30. Types of Hearing Loss f Sensorineural *Caused by damage to inner ear, to the nerves, or to the brain itself *Can be hereditary *Can be caused by loud noises or viral infection *Can be side effect of medicine

31. Working With Patients With a Hearing Loss f What problems might you encounter with hearing impaired patients? f What can you do to improve communications with the hearing impaired?

32. Diagnostic Testing f Tympanometry f Detects diseases and abnormality of middle ear f Measures air pressure and prints out a graph

33. Treating Ear and Hearing Problems

34. Ear Medications and Irrigation f Administering ear medications f Teaching patients to administer ear medications at home f Irrigating the ear

35. Hearing Aids f Obtaining a hearing aid *Otologist *Audiologist f Care and use of hearing aids

36. Other Devices and Strategies f Appliances that light up as well as ring f Amplifiers for telephone, TV, radio f Close-captioned television

37. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 37 Summary f You can help prevent, detect, and treat eye and ear problems f Conditions that affect the eyes and ears can have an impact on vision, hearing, and balance, which affects the patient’s quality of life f Understand basic anatomy and physiology of eyes and ears

38. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 38 Summary f Teach patients to care for their own eyes and ears properly f Comprehend and master the various vision and hearing tests f Be sensitive to needs of individual patients f Practice administering eye and ear medications until it becomes second nature

39. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 39 Check Your Understanding Multiple Choice À The outer layer of the eye is made up of the A cornea and sclera B iris and pupil C cornea, iris, and pupil D pupil, retina, cones

40. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 40 Check Your Understanding À The outer layer of the eye is made up of the A cornea and sclera B iris and pupil C cornea, iris, and pupil D pupil, retina, cones

41. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 41 Check Your Understanding Á The protective membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior of the schlera is the A aqueous humor B vitrious humor C conjunctiva D rods

42. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 42 Check Your Understanding Á The protective membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the anterior of the schlera is the A aqueous humor B vitrious humor C conjunctiva D rods

43. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 43 Check Your Understanding  In recording vision results, O.S. refers to the A Right eye B Left eye C Both eyes D With correction

44. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 44 Check Your Understanding  In recording vision results, O.S. refers to the A Right eye B Left eye C Both eyes D With correction

45. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 45 Check Your Understanding à Cerumen usually accumulates in the A external ear B middle ear C inner ear

46. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 46 Check Your Understanding à Cerumen usually accumulates in the A external ear B middle ear C inner ear

47. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 47 Check Your Understanding How does hearing change with age and how might this affect a person’s quality of life?

48. Glencoe Medical Assisting, Ch 26; Clinical Procedures, Ch 8 48 End of Chapter