1. EVERYDAY CONSUMER PRODUCTS
CHEMISTRY N5
CHEMISTRY
EVERYDAY CONSUMER PRODUCTS
ALCOHOL FAMILY
(ALKANOLS)

2. EVERYDAY CONSUMER PRODUCTS ALCOHOL FAMILY (ALKANOLS)
CHEMISTRY N5
CHEMISTRY
EVERYDAY CONSUMER PRODUCTS
ALCOHOL FAMILY (ALKANOLS)
After completing this topic you should be able to :
Write the balanced formula equation for the fermentation reaction.
State that ethanol is a member of a homologous series called the alkanols.
Identify an alkanol from the hydroxyl group and the ‘-ol’ name ending.
Name straight-chain alkanols, incorporating the position of the hydroxyl group, from shortened and full structural formulae (only C1 to C8)
Give examples of the uses of alcohols.
State when an alkanol undergoes a mild oxidation reaction the product is an alkanoic acid.

3. ALCOHOL FAMILY (ALKANOLS)
COMMON ALCOHOL - ETHANOL
Common alcohol is called ethanol.
C2H5OH
CH3CH2OH
hydroxyl group
The – O-H group of atoms is called the HYDROXYL GROUP. This is called the functional group as it gives the molecule the chemical properties of an alcohol.

4. eth an ol eth – contains 2 carbon atoms
The name ethanol tells you the following information.
eth – contains 2 carbon atoms
eth an ol
ol – contains a hydroxyl group (–OH)
an – contains single C – C bond
Ethanol is a member of a family of alcohols called ALKANOLS.

5. PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL CONCLUSION
Ethanol is a flammable liquid, which burns to produce water and carbon dioxide.
The table below shows further properties of ethanol.
CONCLUSION
PROPERTY TESTED
OBSERVATION
Ethanol is a covalent liquid. It is neutral and soluble in water.
Ethanol is a good solvent.
Appearance (colour and state)
Colourless liquid
Mild smell
Smell
Conductivity
Insulator
Ethanol has a structure similar to water. This is why it is soluble in water.
Solubilty in water
Soluble
pH (acidic / neutral / alkaline?)
Neutral
Solvent action:
ink
varnish
chlorophyll in leaves
Soluble
Soluble
H atom in H2O atom substituted with an ethyl group (C2H5-).
Soluble

6. + ethene + water C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH MAKING ETHANOL ethanol (alcohol)
Ethanol is made in the alcoholic drinks industry by fermentation of sugars (glucose) using enzymes in yeast.
enzymes in yeast
ethanol (alcohol)
carbon dioxide
glucose +
enzymes in yeast
C6H12O6 2
C2H5OH + 2
CO2
Ethanol (industrial alcohol) is made in the petrochemical industry by adding water (steam) across the C=C bond in ethene. This reaction is called HYDRATION.
ethene +
water
ethanol +
C2H4 +
H2O
C2H5OH

7. CH3OH C2H5OH C3H7OH CnH2n + 1OH ALKANOL FAMILY methanol ethanol
Ethanol is the second member of the homologous series of alcohols called ALKANOLS.
methanol
ethanol
propanol
CH3OH
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
CnH2n + 1OH
The general formula of the alkanol family is

8. No. of C atoms
Alkanol Name
Molecular Formula
Full Structural Formula Shortened Structural Formula 1
methanol
CH3OH
CH3OH 2
ethanol
C2H5OH
CH3CH2OH 3
propanol
C3H7OH
CH3CH2CH2OH 4
butanol
C4H9OH
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

9. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES – BOILING POINT
The following graph shows the boiling point of alkanols versus number of carbon atoms.
Boiling point / oC 20 40 60 80
100
120
140 1 2 3 4
No. of carbon atoms
CONCLUSION
As the number of carbon atoms in the alkanol molecule increases, the boiling point increases.
C4H9OH
C3H7OH
C2H5OH
The alkanols have similar chemical properties and have a general formula showing they are a HOMOLOGOUS SERIES.
CH3OH

10. propan - 1 - ol propan - 2 - ol butan - 1 - ol
ALKANOL ISOMERS – SYSTEMATIC NAMING
Alkanol molecules form isomers; therefore the name has to describe the structure. The naming rules learned for hydrocarbons apply except the molecule name ends in – OL. 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 3 2 1
propan ol
propan ol
3 - methyl
butan ol

11. USES OF ALCOHOLS ETHANOL C2H5OH METHANOL CH3OH PROPANOL C3H7OH
Alcoholic drinks.
ETHANOL
C2H5OH
Fuel for vehicles.
Solvent for varnish, perfume, deodorant.
Feedstock for making chemicals.
Mixed with ethanol to make methylated spirits.
METHANOL
CH3OH
Fuel
Feedstock for making chemicals.
Medical – used in hand sanitizers and drug preparation.
PROPANOL
C3H7OH
Fuel
Feedstock for making chemicals.