2.  Same rules as Mr. Adams › Raise your hand › Be in your seat when the bell rings › Take notes › Don’t talk when I am talking or presenting

3. On a piece of paper, list items that you see in the classroom that correspond with plants

4.  Define the chapter terms on an exam with 90% accuracy.  Identify the four major parts of a plant and their functions on an exam with 95% accuracy.  Distinguish the difference between annual, perennial, and biennial plants on an exam with 90% accuracy.

5.  Distinguish between photosynthesis and respiration on a quiz with 85% accuracy.  Compare monocot and dicot plants on a quiz with 90% accuracy

6.  Plants come from seeds. Each seed contains a tiny plant waiting for the right conditions to germinate, or start to grow

7.  The process of a seed sprouting or starting to grow

8.  Seeds wait to germinate until three needs are met: water, correct temperature (warmth), and a good location (such as in soil).  During its early stages of growth, the seedling relies upon the food supplies stored with it in the seed until it is large enough for its own leaves to begin making food through photosynthesis

10.  The seedling's roots push down into the soil to anchor the new plant and to absorb water and minerals from the soil. And its stem with new leaves pushes up toward the light

11.  The germination stage ends when a shoot emerges from the soil.  But the plant is not done growing. It's just started.  Plants need water, warmth, nutrients from the soil, and light to continue to grow

13.  Plants are a group of living organisms that are typically characterized by their green color

14.  plant science —the science of plant growth, care, and management  Plants include common groups such as trees, herbs flowers and ferns and algae  There are some 300,000 different species

15.  The ultimate source of energy and organic material in nearly all habitats is as a result of photosynthesis and carbon fixation conducted by land plants and algae.

16.  The processes of plants radically changed the composition of the Earth's atmosphere, which maintains 20% of earth's oxygen.  Animals and most other organisms are aerobic, relying on oxygen to create internal energy to move and grow.

17.  Plants produce complex kinds of anti- oxidants that have been shown to reduce the occurrence of cancer.  For example the red in plants is due to something called anthocyanins. This protects the plant from sun damage and may help people also.

18.  Plants also provide a ready supply of vitamin C and other vitamins that we need to continue to grow and survive.

19.  They need air, soil, water, light, and space to grow

21.  Sunlight provides energy that it taken up through the plant’s leaves.  This energy fuels the chemical process of photosynthesis where the plant converts water and carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (plant food).

22.  Light affects also another reverse chemical process: plant respiration where carbohydrates are converted into energy and then oxygen is released through the plants leaves as a by- product.

23.  While animals inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, plants do the reverse thing: they breathe carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.

24.  They breathe through stomates (stomata), which are placed on the leaves. Water acts as a solvent for the two gases and transports them through the plant.

25.  Water is essential because it moistures the soil and dissolves important nutrients that the plant needs in order to grow.  This nutrient-enriched water is then taken up through the roots hairs and transported through the plant.

26.  Water is also needed to transport carbon dioxide and oxygen through the plant.

27.  soil —the outer layer of the earth’s crust that supports plant growth  A plant needs essential nutrients in order to grow.

28.  A nutrient that limits plant growth is considered to be essential.  When plant growth is limited the plant life cycle cannot be completed.

29.  Nutrient- substances necessary for the functioning of an organism  Each plant has a specific amount of each nutrient that they need

30.  When this need is not met they will have a deficiency and can cause issue with the growth of the plant  Strange coloration, stunted growth, or multiple buds in plants could be signs that soil is lacking nutrients

31.  Three primary nutrients › Macronutrients- the nutrients plants need the most to survive  Nitrogen (N)  Phosphorus (P)  Potassium (K)

32.  Three secondary nutrients › Calcium (Ca) › Magnesium (Mg) › Sulfur (S)

33.  Micronutrients- are only needed in tiny amounts › Chlorine (Cl) › Copper (Cu) › Iron (Fe) › Manganese (Mn) › Molybdenum (Mo) › Zinc (Zn) › Boron (B)

34.  Lack of nutrients › When there is a lack of nutrients, a fertilizer is needed › fertilizer —a material that supplies nutrients to plants › N, P, K all three must be present for a fertilizer to be called a complete fertilizer

35.  The proportions of N, P, K are known as the fertilizer grade › These are expressed as percentages › 10-10-10 is 10% N, 10% P, 10% K

36.  Temperature is also one of the crucial plant growing needs. It has an effect on: › Photosynthesis › Respiration › Transpiration › Germination › Flowering › Dormancy › Energy production › Sugar storage

37.  The plant growth stages of germination, flowering and dormancy are induced by temperature changes.  An increase in temperature will trigger germination and flowering.

38.  A temperature decrease causes the plants to enter dormancy.  On the other hand, rising temperature will break dormancy and the plant continues to grow and reproduce.

39.  Roots  Stem  Leaves  Flower

40.  Roots act like straws absorbing water and minerals from the soil.  Tiny root hairs stick out of the root, helping in the absorption.

41.  Roots can be very complex

42.  Roots help to anchor the plant in the soil so it does not fall over.  Roots also store extra food for future use.

43.  A primary (radicle) root originates at the lower end of the embryo of a seedling plant. › A taproot is formed when the primary root continues to elongate downward.

44.  A lateral, or secondary root is a side or branch root which arises from another root.

45.  Stems do many things.  They support the plant.  They act like the plant's plumbing system, conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose from the leaves to other plant parts.

46.  Stems can be herbaceous like the bendable stem of a daisy or woody like the trunk of an oak tree.

48.  The three major internal parts of a stem are the xylem, phloem, and cambium.

49.  The xylem is responsible for the transport (translocation) of water and soluble mineral nutrients from the roots throughout the plant.  It is also used to replace water lost during transpiration and photosynthesis.

50.  Phloem carries the products of photosynthesis (sucrose and glucose) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

51.  The cambium is a meristem, which is a site of cell division and active growth

53.  An area of the stem where leaves are located is called a node.  The area between nodes is called the internode.

54.  Most plants' food is made in their leaves.  Leaves are designed to capture sunlight which the plant uses to make food through a process called photosynthesis.

55.  photosynthesis —the food-making process of plants  The overall reaction of photosynthesis utilizes six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules to produce one sugar molecule (glucose) and six oxygen molecules.

56.  chlorophyll, a green pigment found in the leaves of plants (see the layer of chlorophyll in the cross-section of a leaf below)  light (either natural sunlight or artificial light, like from a light bulb)

57.  carbon dioxide (CO 2 )(a gas found in the air; one of the gases people and animals breathe out when they exhale)  water (which the plant collects through its roots)  nutrients and minerals (which the plant collects from the soil through its roots)

58.  Plants make food in their leaves.  The leaves contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which colors the leaves green.  Chlorophyll can make food the plant can use from carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and energy from sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis.

60.  respiration —the process by which plants convert food to energy

61.  Respiration process in plants is the intake of carbon-dioxide and exhales oxygen during the day as the plants gets energy through the photosynthesis process in which the carbon-dioxide is converted into sugars using the sun light energy, as this process uses carbon-dioxide and water, the resulting gas oxygen is given out as a waste product.

62.  During the night, as the photosynthesis process cannot be happening without sun, so it exhales the carbon-dioxide itself.

63.  transpiration —the process by which a plant loses water vapor  It occurs chiefly at the leaves while their stomata are open for the passage of CO 2 and O 2 during photosynthesis

64.  Flowers are the reproductive part of most plants.  Flowers contain pollen and tiny eggs called ovules.  After pollination of the flower and fertilization of the ovule, the ovule develops into a fruit.

66.  Fruit › Fruit provides a covering for seeds. › Fruit can be fleshy like an apple or hard like a nut.  Seed › Seeds contain new plants. Seeds form in fruit.

68.  What are the parts of a flower?

70.  Peduncle: The stalk of a flower.  Receptacle: The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached.  Sepal: The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) that enclose a developing bud.

71.  Petal: The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored.  Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther. (Male part of the plant)

72.  Anther: The part of the stamen where pollen is produced.  Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma. The mature ovary is a fruit, and the mature ovule is a seed. (Female part of the plant)

73.  Stigma: The part of the pistil where pollen germinates.  Ovary: The enlarged basal portion of the pistil where ovules are produced

74.  To be pollinated, pollen must be moved from a stamen to the stigma.  When pollen from a plant's stamen is transferred to that same plant's stigma, it is called self-pollination.

75.  When pollen from a plant's stamen is transferred to a different plant's stigma, it is called cross-pollination.  Cross-pollination produces stronger plants.

76.  The plants must be of the same species.  For example, only pollen from a daisy can pollinate another daisy. Pollen from a rose or an apple tree would not work.

77.  Monocot yledons (Monocot) › A plant that has only one seed leaf  Dicot yledon (Dicot) › A plant that has two seed leaves

78.  Starts from a seed and ends when the plant dies

79. › annual —a plant that completes its life cycle in one year or less › biennial —a plant that needs two years to complete its life cycle › perennial —a plant that needs more than two years to complete its life cycle

80. Perennial Purple Coneflower Biennial Foxglove Annual Plains Coreopsis

81.  Now that we have learned about plants, create your own plant. Make it to what you think would make the BEST plant. Must still use the basics to sustain plant life!

82.  What is a