1. Gestational Age and Birth Weight and the Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes: A Population- Based Cohort and Sibling Design Study Featured Article: Ali S. Khashan, Louise C. Kenny, Cecilia Lundholm, Patricia M. Kearney, Tong Gong, Roseanne McNamee, and Catarina Almqvist Diabetes Care Volume 38: Volume 38: 2308-2315 December, 2015

2. STUDY OBJECTIVE Khashan, A.S. et al. Diabetes Care 2015;38:2308-2315 To investigate the effects of gestational age, birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) on risk of type 1 diabetes

3. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Study included a population-based cohort of all singleton live births in Sweden between 1973 and 2009 and a sibling control group Perinatal data were extracted from the Swedish Medical Birth Register Children with type 1 diabetes were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register Log-linear Poisson regression and conditional logistic regression were used for data analysis Khashan, A.S. et al. Diabetes Care 2015;38:2308-2315

9. RESULTS Study cohort consisted of 3,624,675 singleton live births There were 13,944 type 1 diabetes cases during the study period Sibling control study consisted of 11,403 children with type 1 diabetes and 17,920 siblings Gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks and 37 and 38 weeks was associated with type 1 diabetes in the cohort study and remained significant in the sibling control study SGA and LGA were associated with type 1 diabetes in the cohort study SGA association remained unchanged in the sibling study LGA association disappeared Very low birth weight was associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes Khashan, A.S. et al. Diabetes Care 2015;38:2308-2315

10. CONCLUSIONS A small association exists between gestational age and type 1 diabetes Gestational age and type 1 diabetes may be related to insulin resistance due to early life growth restriction or altered gut microbiota in preterm babies Khashan, A.S. et al. Diabetes Care 2015;38:2308-2315