1. IDENTIFICATION الأستعراف د / عبد المنعم جودة مدبولى دكتوراة الطب الشرعي و السموم الإكلينيكية, مدرس الطب الشرعي و السموم الإكلينيكية, استشاري علاج التسمم بمستشفى بنها الجامعي عضو لجنة مراجعة البرامج و المقررات بوحدة الجودة IDENTIFICATION الأستعراف

2. Objectives (ILOs): Definition,. Definition, Situations & Necessity of ID. Methods of identification. Identification of: 1. Skeletal remains…… عملى بالأساس 2. Criminals. 3. Physical evidence: المهم نظري  Teeth and bite marks……………..  Fingerprints (dactylography)…..  Forensic DNA typing……………….

3. Definition: The recognition of an unknown ?????? through certain characteristics which can differentiate him from others. Necessity of identification: 1. Proceed with investigation of the death mass disasters 1. Proceed with investigation of the death, especially in mass disasters such as air crash, a fire in a crowded building or an earthquake. 2. Prepare and fill a death certificate 2. Prepare and fill a death certificate, and as a result, ability to settle estates ( جميع ما يتركه المتوفى ) or insurance claims. 3. Link the victims to their assailant Physical evidence) 3. Link the victims to their assailant in homicide death, = (Physical evidence).

4. Situation of identification Situation of identification = ID What?? ما هو unknown فى التعريف Living person 1- Victims: such as coma, amnesia, mental defect or infancy. 2- Criminals: as in homicides. Dead body 1- An intact. 2- Decomposed 3- charred 4- Mutilated. 5- Skeletal remains Physical evidence e.g. blood and seminal stains, saliva, hair, etc. Scene of crime: 1- Crime 2- Death 3- Discovery of cadaver

5. Methods of identification Non-scientific (Tentative, presumptive) 1- Comparison of physical characteristics……... 2- Distinctive marks …. 3- Visual (personal) identification ……… 4- Circumstantial evidence 5- Particular features…….. Scientific (Positive) 1- Fingerprints…. 2- Body X-ray…… 3- Teeth…………. 4- DNA typing…..

6. Identification of criminals It is the job of the police; this depends on: It is the job of the police; this depends on: 1. 1. Anthropometry (or Bertillon's system): measurements of the body, in addition to descriptive data of prisoners. 2. 2. Fingerprints. 3. 3. DNA typing. 4. love bites 4. Teeth marks: inflicted on their victims or food stuffs or on the bodies of girls (seen on the breasts" love bites") during a sexual assault. No to sets of teeth are exactly alike. 5. 5. Wounds on the body: this may assist in associating a suspect with a given crime. 6. 6. Tattoo marks: consists of injection of bright pigments into the skin in form of permanent various patterns and designs, so only eliminated by surgical removal leaving permanent infirmity.

7. Identification of physical evidenceDefinition: Any material Any material which can be used to link a suspect, a weapon or a scene to a crime. There are three principal sources of physical evidence: crime scene, victim and suspect. Types: Biological evidence: Biological evidence: stain such as blood, semen or saliva, hairs, tissue, fingernails, fingerprints, teeth and bite marks. Non-biological evidence: Non-biological evidence: can be any item such as clothing, fibers, bullets or shots and wads, glass, soil, paint, etc. Medicolegal importance: Can establish association between the victims, the suspect, the weapon, and the crime scene " Locard's exchange principle" Provides clues to a particular course of events.

8. Blood groupingDNA Typing Good – ve test Absolute proof Less stable (degrade in a 2-3 month ) More stable (for years)  Genetic markers such as ABO, Rh, serum proteins, red cell enzymes, etc. cannot associate these biological evidences to the crime, as they could not be conducted to the level of absolute exclusion or inclusion. DNA typing can link a suspect to the crime, as DNA is unique except for an identical twins. DNA confirms the suspicion that several crimes have been committed by the same person. In addition, DNA can DD male or a female sample. Only blood sample + Fluids in secretors (80%) Any fluid or tissue even bone, hair ….. (mitochondrial DNA)