1. S7-1 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation SECTION 7 DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

2. S7-2 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation

3. S7-3 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS n What’s in this section: u Design of Experiments (DOE) Overview u Trials Defined By u Methods of Defining Design Variables

4. S7-4 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS (DOE) OVERVIEW n What is DOE? u DOE is a collection of procedures and statistical tools for planning experiments and analyzing the results. u DOE shows the effects of varying several design variables simultaneously.

5. S7-5 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS (DOE) OVERVIEW (CONT.) n Types u Screening: Identifies which factors and combinations of factors most affect the behavior of the system. u Robust design: Methodology developed by Dr. Genichi Taguchi for improving quality by controlling the effects of variations in a system. u Response surface methods (RSM): Fit polynomials to the results of the runs, which gives you an easy-to-use approximation of your system’s behavior.

6. S7-6 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation TRIALS DEFINED BY n Built-in DOE technique n Direct input n File input

7. S7-7 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation TRIALS DEFINED BY (CONT.) n Built-in DOE technique u DOE technique l Full Factorial: Simulates every possible combination of levels. l Example: 2 variables (factors) with 3 levels each = 9 simulations. l User-defined Algorithms: Run simulations based on algorithms you define.

8. S7-8 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation TRIALS DEFINED BY (CONT.) n Direct input u Does not directly specify factor values. u Specifies indexes to the levels for each factor. The indexes center on zero. This means that for a two-level factor, the only possible values are -1 and +1; for three-levels, -1, 0 and +1; for four-levels, - 2, -1, +1, +2; and so on.

9. S7-9 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation TRIALS DEFINED BY (CONT.) u Example l DOE setup: l Desired test: l Corresponding design matrix: 0+1 -1 0 +1-1 +1+1

10. S7-10 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation TRIALS DEFINED BY (CONT.) n File input u Specify the name of the file containing the trial matrix. u First line of file must contain: l number of factors l number of levels l number of runs

11. S7-11 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation METHODS OF DEFINING DESIGN VARIABLES n Create a list of allowed values. This method: u Allows for unequally spaced values. u Allows you to always use the same set of values. u Is recommended to give you full control of the values used during the DOE process. Options: l Manually type in the values you want ADAMS/View to use l Let ADAMS/View generate a list for you: Min, Max, Std: Your list will consist of the minimum value, the maximum value, and the standard value. Equally Spaced: Creates a list of equally spaced values based on the following options: n Total number of Values: Enter the number of values in the list. n Incl. Min: Select to include the minimum number in the list. n Incl. Max: Select to include the maximum number in the list.

12. S7-12 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation METHODS OF DEFINING DESIGN VARIABLES (CONT.) n Specify the range of the design variable u ADAMS/View will then work behind the scenes to evenly space your values according to the number of levels specified. u The minimum and maximum values are always included.

13. S7-13 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation DOE PROCESS IN ADAMS/VIEW n The following is the DOE process in ADAMS/View: 1. Start with a parametric ADAMS/View model. 2. Define your design variables. 3. Define an objective function (that is, the quantity you want to measure). 4. Generate or input the design matrix. 5. Execute runs. 6. Generate tabular reports and plots of the design variables and objective values. The DOE capabilities in ADAMS/View are somewhat limited. You can, however, use ADAMS/Insight to perform more advanced functions. For more information, see the ADAMS/Insight online help.

14. S7-14 ADM704-705, Section 7, August 2005 Copyright  2005 MSC.Software Corporation