1. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 1 Concepts of Human Disease

2. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Diseases

3. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Key Terms Disease –Abnormal symptoms Homeostasis –State of normalcy

4. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Key Terms Disorder –Abnormality of function Syndrome –Symptoms caused by specific disease

5. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pathology –Study of disease Pathologist –One who studies disease

6. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pathology Pathogens –Microorganisms or agents that cause disease Pathologic –Caused by disease process

7. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pathogenesis Description of how particular disease progresses Acute –Short-term with sudden onset Chronic –Long-term or slow healing process

8. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Etiology Cause of disease Idiopathic –Cause unknown Iatrogenic –Problem related to treatment Nosocomial –Disease acquired from hospital environment

9. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Predisposing Factors Age Sex Environment Lifestyle Heredity

10. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Diagnosis Identification or naming of disease Medical history Physical examination Diagnostic tests

11. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Diagnosis Symptoms –Problems reported by patient Signs –What physician sees or measures

12. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Diagnosis Skills used by physician: –Auscultation –Palpation –Percussion

13. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prognosis –Expected outcome Acute –Sudden onset with short duration Chronic –Insidious and long-lasting

14. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prognosis Remission –Disappearance of symptoms Exacerbation –Flare-up of symptoms Complication –Onset of second disease or disorder

15. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Prognosis Mortality –Mortal or destined to die Fatal/lethal –Deadly

16. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Treatment Holistic medicine –Consideration of whole person Rather than just physical symptoms –Interaction between spiritual, cognitive, social, physical, and emotional areas –Areas work interdependently

17. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Holistic Medicine

18. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Treatment Interventions: –Medication –Surgery –Exercise –Nutrition –Physical therapy –Education

19. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Treatment Preventive –Care given to prevent disease Palliative –Care given to prevent discomfort, but not cure

20. Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Medical Ethics Complicated by technological advances Difficult as touch core of our humanity Role of ethics committee Economic concerns