1. Warm-up for
Tomorrow we will have our first quiz. You need to study the following items:
Georgia’s Geography handout
Georgia’s Physiographic Regions Organizer
Georgia Indian Traditions Organizer (Prehistory)

2. Quiz Georgia’s Geography handout
Know what hemisphere, continent, country, and region Georgia is located in
Know the 5 border states of GA
Georgia’s Physiographic Regions Organizer
Be able to label the 5 regions of GA
Be able to label and explain what the Fall Line is
Know what types of physical features, natural resources, jobs, major cities and attractions are found in each of the 5 regions
Georgia Indian Traditions Organizer (Prehistory)
Be able to identify a time period from prehistory if given a list of characteristics from that age
Be able to tell how and why Indian’s culture and way of life evolved over time

3. Warm-up for
What does the term “pre-history” mean, and how does it relate to GA Studies?
**Have standards and a highlighter out after you finish warm-up.

4. Warm-up for
Based upon our work over the past 2 weeks, in which of GA’s 5 Physiographic Regions would you most like to live and work as an adult one day, and why?
**Have standards and a highlighter out after you finish warm-up.
**FYI - I will be giving you 10 min. to wrap up your projects for turn in.

5. Warm-up for
The high mark of technological progress in the Paleo Period was the __________ and in the Archaic period it was the _______________.
**Please have your book out and open to pg. 76. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign. : (

6. Warm-up for
What does the term “pre-history” mean, and how does it relate to GA Studies?
**Please have your book out and open to pg. 75. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign.
: (

7. Warm-up for
The high mark of technological progress in the Woodland Period was the __________ and in the Mississippian period it was the _______________.
**Please have your book out and open to pg. 78. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign.
: (

8. Warm-up for
In your opinion, _______________ was the greatest invention of the Paleo Period, and ______________ was the greatest invention of the Archaic period.
**Please have your book out and open to pg. 77. Otherwise open agenda to calendar for me to sign. : (

9. Um…the history before history…
What is prehistory?
Um…the history before history…

10. Georgia’s Prehistoric Periods
We will start on PAGE 162!

11. The Paleo Period Paleo = “Very old” / few lived to be 30 yrs. old
Dates
11,000-8,000 B.C.
Weapons
“Clovis” points
Stone spear points
Knives and scrapers
Atlatl – used to propel spears long distances
Food
Large game hunted animals
Mammoths, bisons, ground sloths, and mastadons
Wild berries and nuts gathered
Dwellings
Lived in groups of 20-50
Nomadic = always on the move for food = no permanent housing
Slept in caves, under cliffs, and dug out “sleeping pits”
Religion
Artifacts to suggest general spirituality – nothing specific

12. Snapshots of Paleo-Indian Life

13. The Archaic Period Things becoming more settled Dwellings
Dates
8,000 – 1,500 B.C.
Weapons
New tools invented to save time and effort
Clovis points become smaller and sharper
Grooved Axe – stone head w/ wood handle. Used primarily to chop wood / remove brush
Food
Hunted smaller game as period progresses
Deer, bear, turkey, rabbit, birds, fish
Fishing and gathering important
Large remains of middens (trash heaps of shells ) found on Stallings Island in GA
Invented : Clay pots to store and transport food in created
Dwellings
Small groups gathered to form larger groups of : based on families
Would move from season to season
Semi-permanent housing w/ wooden poles covered by animal hides, braches, and bark
Religion
Proper burial of the dead seems to be important
Tools, weapons, and ornaments found in tombs

14. Snapshots of Archaic-Indian Life

15. Snapshots of Archaic-Indian Life
Stallings Island: The oldest pottery in North America made from Spanish moss and clay was discovered here!
Stallings Island:
               
Stallings Island Site Pottery
Located in the Savannah River eight miles upstream from Augusta, the sixteen-acre island is the namesake of Stallings Culture and its hallmark pottery, Stallings fiber-tempered wares, the oldest pottery in North America.
Stallings Island, a National Historic Landmark site, was a major settlement of Late Archaic Native Americans from 4,500 to 3,500 years ago.

16. The Woodland Period The Mound-Builders! Dates Weapons Dwellings
1,000 B.C. – 1,000 A.D.
Weapons
Bow and Arrow – better accuracy/saves time
Arrowheads become smaller and sharper
Food
Beginning of Horticulture
Seeds are saved for planting
Nuts, corn, squash, and bottle-gourd
Digging sticks for planting
Small game hunted
Dwellings
More sturdy houses as small groups join together and form tribes
Flat-topped mounds for gathering/ceremonies
Animal effigy mounds – Rock Eagle created in 200 A.D. near Eatonton.
Religion
Burial mounds with more elaborate tombs containing jewelry, pottery, figurines, and ceremonial objects

17. Snapshots of Woodland-Indian Life
Evidence of long-distance trading
Snapshots of Woodland-Indian Life

18. Snapshots of Woodland-Indian Life
Rock Eagle:
Kolomoki Mounds (1st in GA):
               
Stallings Island Site Pottery

19. The Mississippian Period
The Europeans are coming soon!
The Mississippian Period
Dates
800 A.D. – about 1600 A.D.
Weapons
All tools and weapons from previous periods – only better-made and more effective
Food
Grew most food
Corn, beans, pumpkin, and squash
Used slash-and-burn technique
Stored food in storehouses for a constant supply
Dwellings
Large-scale communities w/ palisades and moats
Several 1,000 families living together
Wattle and daub houses made of clay, wood, and forest brush
Mound communities like Etowah and Ocmulgee Indians Mounds in Macon.
Religion
Priest-chief presides over religious ceremonies
Religious aspects controlled by govt.

20. Snapshots of Mississippian-Indian Life

21. Snapshots of Mississippian-Indian Life
Etowah Indian Mounds:
               
Stallings Island Site Pottery

22. End of Prehistory?
Prehistory ends in Georgia with the arrival of Spanish-Explorer Hernando deSoto. (around 1539)
Beginning of traditional European written records of GA

23. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas
Leif Ericsson (Iceland) – 1000 A.D.
Newfoundland – Canada
Christopher Columbus (Spain) – 1492
Dominican Republic
Later called Hispaniola
Juan Ponce de Leon (Spain) – 1513
Florida
Hernando Cortes (Spain) – 1519
Mexico (Aztecs)

24. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas
Panfilo de Narvaez (Spain) – 1527
Tampa Bay
Francisco Pizarro (Spain) – 1535
Peru (Incas)
Cabeza de Vaca (Spain) 1538
One of 4 survivors of Narvaez Exp.
Florida, Gulf Coast, Texas, and Mexico
AT SAME TIME AS DE SOTO –
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
New Mexico (7 Cities of Gold)

25. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas
AT SAME TIME AS DE SOTO –
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
New Mexico (7 Cities of Gold)

26. Brief Look at Spanish Exploration of the Americas
DE SOTO’s ROUTE (1539) –

27. Brief Look at European Exploration of the Americas
What did they want?
GOLD, RICHES, and FAME!