1. Fungi
Chapter 20

2. Categories of Fungi
Multicellular
Most fungi
Do not contain chloroplasts
Unicellular
“Yeasts”

3. Cell Walls
Plants - made of cellulose
Fungi - made of chitin
Chitin is strong and flexible

4. Fungi Parts - Hyphae
Threadlike filaments that make up the basic structure of the fungi’s body (all parts)
Provide support
Provide a large surface area for nutrient absorption
Fig (p. 577)

5. A netlike mass made up many hyphae Formed below ground
Fungi Parts - Mycelium
A netlike mass made up many hyphae
Formed below ground
Absorb nutrients
Fig. 20.2

6. Fungi Parts - Fruiting Body
Reproductive structure
Above ground portion
Fig. 20.2

7. Obtaining Nutrients & Energy
Through Decomposition
Saprophytic fungi - feeds on dead organisms or organic wastes
Recycle nutrients
Fig. 20.4

8. Obtaining Nutrients & Energy
2. Through Parasitism
Absorb nutrients from living cells of another organisms (a host)
Fig. 20.4

9. Obtaining Nutrients & Energy
3. Through Mutualism
With another organism, such as a plant or alga
Ex: mycelia on a root of a soybean plant
Fungus receives sugar from the host plant
Mycelia increase water uptake and mineral absorption for the host plant
Fig. 20.4

10. Branches of Fungi Chytrids yeast Common Molds bread mold Sac Fungi
morels & truffles, yeast, penicillin producer
Club Fungi
mushrooms
Fig. 20.8

11. Imperfect Fungi
Very diverse group
Lack a sexual stage of reproduction
Called “Imperfect Fungi”

12. Benefits of Fungi Decomposers - recycle nutrients
Medical uses - penicillin (antibiotic), reduce high blood pressure, control excessive bleeding, treat migtaine headaches, promote contractions during childbirth, prevent organ rejection in organ transplant patients
Food - mushrooms, yeast, truffles
Bioremediation - cleaning the environment of pollutants

13. Harmful Fungi
American elm trees & American chestnut trees killed by certain fungi
Agricultural crops damaged
Can act as parasites in humans & other organisms
Athlete’s foot, ringworm, yeast infections
Fig

14. Moldy Bread
Why should you throw away the whole loaf of bread, even if the mold only appeared on one piece?