1. 2//12-Pick up your book. **Take out your GATTACA & EOCT Review Wksts.**
Copy & answer the following questions on a blank sheet of paper.
How do you think you did on the DNA Test?
Honestly, how long did you study?
What could YOU do to improve your grade?
What could I/WE do to help you?

2. 2/17/12-
Copy & answer the following questions on a blank sheet of paper.
How do you think you did on the DNA Test?
Honestly, how long did you study?
What could YOU do to improve your grade?
What could I/WE do to help you?

3. 2/22/12-Define the following:
14-1 Vocab 1. Karyotype 2. Sex chromosome 3. Autosome 4. Pedigree 10-2 Vocab 5. Mitosis 6. Chromatid 7. Centromere 8. Cell Cycle 9. Interphase
11-4 Vocab 10. Meiosis 11. Diploid 12. Haploid

4. 2/24/12-Pick up your book.
Do-Now: Complete the word search puzzle (back of yesterday’s crossword).

5. Cell Reproduction
Mitosis and Meiosis

6. Cell Reproduction Chromosome Structure
Rod shaped, made of DNA proteins
HISTONES are proteins that help in the packaging of DNA and maintain the shape of the
chromosome.
NONHISTONE proteins control the activity of specific regions of DNA.
Individual chromosomes consist of 2 identical halves called CHROMATIDS
The center of the chromosome is the CENTROMERE. It holds the 2 chromatids together.

8. There are 2 types of chromosomes
SEX CHROMOSOMES-determine the sex of an organism
In humans, sex chromosomes are either X or Y
FEMALES=XX
MALES=XY

9. Types of chromosomes, cont.
AUTOSOMES-all other chromosomes
Humans have 46 chromosomes total 44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes
Organisms get 1 copy of each autosome from a parent-making 2 copies called HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES. They are the same size, shape, and carry the same info.

11. A KARYOTYPE is used to examine an individual’s chromosomes.

12. VERY IMPORTANT VOCAB!!
Cells that have 2 sets of chromosomes are DIPLOID (2n).
HAPLOID (n) cells have only 1 set of chromosomes.
Sperm and egg cells are haploid cells.

13. Quick Quiz 1. What are the 2 parts of the chromosome?
2. What are the two types of chromosomes in your body
3. How many chromosomes do your body cells contain? Your sex cells?
4. Cells that have one set of chromosomes are ______________. Cells that have two sets are ______________.

14. 2/23/12-Have out EOCT p1 &2
Do-Now: Pick up and complete the chromosome crossword puzzle. #1 Down should read “Humans have 22 pairs” Study over yesterdays notes…

15. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Divide asexually by BINARY FISSION
Produce identical offspring
3 stages
DNA is copied
Cell begins to divide
2 identical haploid cells are formed

16. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
MITOSIS-cell division that results in 2 new cells with identical genetic material to the original cell
The CELL CYCLE is the repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell. CELL DIVISION is one phase and INTERPHASE is the time between divisions.

18. Interphase Made of 3 phases
G1 PHASE-offspring cells grow to mature size
S PHASE-DNA is copied (REPLICATION)
G2 PHASE-cell prepares for division
*Cells can exit the cell cycle and enter the G0 PHASE where DNA isn’t copied and cells don’t divide. Nervous system cells stop dividing at maturity.*

19. Mitosis During mitosis, the M PHASE, the nucleus of the cell divides.
4 phases of mitosis (Interphase is before and after mitosis/cytokinesis.)
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE

21. PROPHASE DNA coils into chromosomes
Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear
Dark spots appear (CENTROSOMES), which contain the CENTRIOLES (plants DO NOT have centrioles)
SPINDLE FIBERS radiate from the centrosomes

22. METAPHASE
Chromosomes move to the MIDDLE of the cell

23. 2/24/12-
Do-Now: Complete the word search puzzle (back of yesterday’s crossword). Study your Week 7 Vocabulary—Prefix/Suffix

24. ANAPHASE
Chromatids of each chromosome separate at centromere & move toward opposite sides of the dividing cell

25. TELOPHASE Spindle fibers disappear Chromosomes uncoil
Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
Nucleolus reforms
Telophase is almost the opposite of prophase.

26. CYTOKINESIS
CYTOKINESIS occurs when the cytoplasm starts to divide. It starts when telophase is complete.
In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches in (CLEAVAGE FURROW) & separates the dividing cell into 2 new cells.
In plant cells, the membrane bound cell wall forms (CELL PLATE) & separates the cell into 2 new cells.

27. Cytokinesis in animal cells

28. Cytokinesis in plant cells

29. Ticket to Leave How does cell reproduction occur in prokaryotes?
What is the cell cycle?
List and briefly describe the four steps of mitosis.
***QUIZ !!!!***

30. ***QUIZ TUESDAY—Cell Division Notes!!!!!!***
2/27/12-Get out Mitosis Foldable. Study for Week 7 Vocab (Rescheduled to today)
Do-Now:
What is the relationship between prophase and telophase?
The phase where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell is _____.
When the chromatids split from one another and move to opposite poles of the cell, ____ is occurring.
List the 3 parts of Interphase & describe what happens during each.
***QUIZ TUESDAY—Cell Division Notes!!!!!!***

31. Review Matching—Wk 7 Give the meaning of the following:
Amphi-
Ab-
Archos
-cide
Corpus
Pheno-
Anthro-
Ad-
Audio-
Circum-

32. Meiosis Cell division in SEX cells
Produces haploid (n) reproductive cells called GAMETES
Human gametes are SPERM & EGG
Each contain 23 chromosomes
Fusion of sperm (n) & egg (n) forms a ZYGOTE (2n) that contains 46 chromosomes
**Cells begin meiosis just like mitosis—it’s just that cells divide TWICE in meiosis**

33. Meiosis I

34. Meiosis II

35. DNA REPLICATION
During replication, the DNA of a 2n (diploid) cell is copied.
This only occurs before MEIOSIS I.

36. Meiosis I PROPHASE I DNA coils, spindle fibers appear
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES pair up-called SYNAPSIS (doesn’t happen during mitosis)
Portions of chromatids break off and attach to nearby chromatid on the homologous pair-called CROSSING OVER
Allows for genetic info exchange between mother/father chromosomes giving a new mixture of genetic info-called GENETIC RECOMBINATION

37. CROSSING OVER

38. METAPHASE I
TETRADS (each pair of homologous chromosomes) line up in middle of cell
Spindle fibers attach to the homologous chromosomes of the pair

39. ANAPHASE I
Each homologous chromosome moves to the opposite side of the dividing cell
Random separation of the homologous chromosomes is called INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT and it results in genetic variations

40. TELOPHASE I Chromosomes reach the opposite ends of cell
Each of the new developing cells will contain a haploid number of chromosomes.
CYTOKINESIS I occurs

41. 2/28/12-Take out “Directed Reading” & Meiosis Notes from yesterday.
Do Now: Determine if the following terms/phrases describe mitosis or meiosis. 1. Results in 2 genetically identical cells 2. Results in 4 genetically different cells 3. Produces diploid (2n) cells 4. Produces haploid (n) cells 5. Produces body cells 6. Produces gametes 7. Allows growth and replacement of cells 8. How sexually reproducing organisms make gametes 9. Type of cell division ***Cell Reproduction Test—Thursday****

42. MEIOSIS II The newly formed cells DO NOT copy their DNA. PROPHASE II
Spindle fibers form and move chromosomes toward the middle of the cell

43. METAPHASE II
Chromosomes move to the midline of the cells-facing opposite side of the cells

44. ANAPHASE II
Chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of cell

45. TELOPHASE II
Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes in each of the 4 new cells
CYTOKINESIS II occurs resulting in 4 new cells, each containing HALF the number of chromosomes as the original cell

46. Formation of Gametes
SPERMATOGENESIS-production of sperm cells--2n reproductive cell divides through meiosis to form 4 haploid cells called SPERMATIDS (each will develop into a mature sperm)

47. Formation of Gametes, cont.
OOGENESIS-production of egg cells, 2n reproductive cell divides through meiosis to form ONE mature egg cell—the other three cells are polar bodies and will degenerate (unequally divided cytoplasm)

48. Ticket to Leave What is crossing over?
Meiosis is used to form __________.
List the steps of meiosis I & II.
The formation of sperm is called ___________.
The formation of eggs is called __________.

49. 2/29/12- Pick up “Cell Cycle Handout @ the back and complete
-Look on the right hand side of paper—
& use the “Word Bank”
Take out last night’s HW on the back of your “Meiosis Notes”

50. 3/1/12- Take out your Chapter 10 Cell Division Review & Study…..
Work on Week 8—Prefix/Suffix vocab.
Another word for sex cells = __________
The 2 main stages of cell division are called _______ & cytokinesis.

51. 2/28/12-You do NOT need a book.
Do Now: Determine if the following terms/phrases describe mitosis or meiosis. 1. Results in 2 genetically identical cells 2. Results in 4 genetically different cells 3. Produces diploid (2n) cells 4. Produces haploid (n) cells 5. Produces body cells 6. Produces gametes 7. Allows growth and replacement of cells 8. How sexually reproducing organisms make gametes 9. Type of cell division

52. 9/23/11-You do NOT need a book.
Do-Now: Take out your Directed Reading to be checked.
Give the meaning of the following:
Homo 7. Hap
Hetero 8. Kine
Typ 9. Inter
Pheno Bi
Geno Meta
Di Ana

53. 3/2/12
After the Test:
Complete the Cell Reproduction Word Puzzle on the back of your CHAPTER 10 Cell Division Review Sheet.
There are no words listed. When you find a word that relates to cell division, circle it and write it at the bottom in the table. The person with the most words will get bonus points.