1. How Can We Balance The Human Population With Our Natural Resources?

2. Why is Demography Important?
Demography: Study of the size, composition, and distribution of human population.
What patterns do you see?

3. What is the Difference Between Developing & Developed Nations?
Developing Nations
Lower Incomes (GNP)
Agricultural Economy
Higher population growth
What countries fall under this category?
Smaller ecological footprint
Developed
Higher Incomes
Industrial Economy
Lower population growth
Better social support system
What countries fall under this category?
Larger ecological footprint

4. Population Change in Size
Three factors affect human population size: births, deaths, and migration
Population Change =
(births + immigration) – (deaths + emigration)
Crude Birth Rate = # births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
Crude Death Rate = # deaths per1,000 people in a population in a given year

5. How fast is the world’s population growing?
% Population Change =
(Births – Deaths)/1,000 X 100
(Births – Deaths)/10
The Rule of 70(DoublingTime)
70 / percent growth rate
Example: In 2004 the growth rate was 1.2%. If this rate continues the population will double in 70/1.2 = 56 years
What is the growth rate if it takes 20 years for a population to double?

6. Let’s determine growth rate and doubling time

7. What are Age Structure Diagrams?
The Number of people in young, middle and older age groups determines how fast populations grow or decline.
The number of people under the age of 15 is the major factor determining a country’s future growth.
Changes in the distribution of a country’s age groups have long- lasting economic and social impacts.

8. Looking Into A Crystal Ball!

9. Population changes in the US
After WWII fertility rate reached a peak( ) Baby Boomers!
In 2002: legal/Illegal immigration accounted for 40% of US growth
Currently close to 300 million
Projected to reach 420 million by 2050
571 million by 2100

10. Demographic Transition

11. What is Family Planning?
Provides information about prenatal care
Helps parents space births as desired
Helps parents regulate family size
Works best when reinforces customs and trends

12. How Can We Slow Population Growth?
Provide family planning
Improve health care for infants, children and women
Develop and implement national population policies
Improve status of women
Provide more education (especially to girls)
Greatly reduce unsustainable patterns of production and consumption
Sharply reduce poverty!

13. Population Dispersion

14. What is Urban Sprawl?
Process of relocation of residences, shopping areas and work places from their traditional spots in cities to outlying areas (supported by the “love affair” with cars)

15. What are the effects of urban sprawl?
Environmental
Depletion of resources (oil consumption)
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Loss of Agricultural Land
Loss of Habitat and Wildlife
Health
Greater risk of fatal Accidents
Higher incidents of obesity and high blood pressure
Rise in diseases (asthma, cancer)
Noise Pollution

16. What are the benefits of urban sprawl?
Cities are centers for education, jobs, culture technological and economic development
More access to medical care and family planning
Concentrating people in urban areas helps preserve wildlife

17. How do we make urban areas more livable and sustainable?
Prevent pollution and reduce waste
Use energy efficiently
Protecting biodiversity by preserving land
Promoting urban gardens and farm markets
Promoting “green” design of buildings

18. The Cairo Conference
In September 1994, 15,000 leaders representing 179 nations met in Cairo, Egypt and for the first time in history reached a consensus!
All nations agreed that population is an issue of crisis proportions that must be confronted forthrightly

19. Plan of Action Over the next 20 years:
Empowering women
Education
Health
$17 billion needed each year until 2000 and additional amounts increasing to $21.7 billion by 2015
2/3 of funding would come from developing nations and the rest from developed nations

20. How is the plan going?
Women and girls continue to face discrimination although many countries such as India, Bangladesh and African countries are encouraging education and have outlawed female genital mutilation
HIV/AIDS epidemic has led to mortality in many countries
Funding is the biggest problem:
Developing countries have provided 75% of promised amounts
Industrialized countries have provided less than half of their 1/3
Most shameful is that US Bush administration and Congress have acted to reduce their support
Two billionaires Ted Turner and Bill Gates have stepped in to fill the gap

21. Millenium Development Goals
End Poverty & Hunger
Universal Education
Promote Gender Equality
Improve Child Health
Improve Maternal Health
Combat HIV/AIDS
Environmental Sustainability
Global Partnership for Development

22. Status of MDG #1
The global economic crisis has slowed progress, but the world is still on track to meet the poverty reduction target
Prior to the crisis, the depth of poverty had diminished in almost every region

23. MDG #2:
Hope dims for universal education by 2015, even as many poor countries make tremendous strides
Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia are home to the vast majority of children out of school
Inequality thwarts progress towards universal education

24. MDG #3: For girls in some regions, education remains elusive
Poverty is a major barrier to education, especially among older girls
In every developing region except the CIS, men outnumber women in paid employment
Women are largely relegated to more vulnerable forms of employment
Women are over-represented in informal employment, with its lack of benefits and security
Top-level jobs still go to men — to an overwhelming degree
Women are slowly rising to political power, but mainly when boosted by quotas and other special measures

25. MDG #4:
Child deaths are falling, but not quickly enough to reach the target
Revitalizing efforts against pneumonia and diarrhea, while bolstering nutrition, could save millions of children
Recent success in controlling measles may be short-lived if funding gaps are not bridged

26. MDG #5: Inequalities in care during pregnancy are striking
Only one in three rural women in developing regions receive the recommended care during pregnancy
Progress has stalled in reducing the number of teenage pregnancies, putting more young mothers at risk
Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high adolescent birth rates
Progress in expanding the use of contraceptives by women has slowed
Use of contraception is lowest among the poorest women and those with no education
Inadequate funding for family planning is a major failure in fulfilling commitments to improving women’s reproductive health

27. MDG #6: HIV/AIDS
The spread of HIV appears to have stabilized in most regions, and more people are surviving longer
Many young people still lack the knowledge to protect themselves against HIV
Empowering women through AIDS education is indeed possible, as a number of countries have shown
In sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of HIV increases with wealth and among those living in urban areas
Disparities are found in condom use by women and men and among those from the richest and poorest households

28. Malaria Production of insecticide-treated mosquito nets soars
Across Africa, expanded use of insecticide-treated bed nets is protecting communities from malaria
Poverty continues to limit use of mosquito nets
Global procurement of more effective antimalarial drugs continues to rise rapidly
Children from the poorest households are least likely to receive treatment for malaria

29. MDG #7:
The rate of deforestation shows signs of decreasing, but is still alarmingly high
A decisive response to climate change is urgently needed
The unparalleled success of the Montreal Protocol shows that action on climate change is within our grasp

30. Biodiversity
The world has missed the 2010 target for biodiversity conservation, with potentially grave consequences
Key habitats for threatened species are not being adequately protected
The number of species facing extinction is growing by the day, especially in developing countries
Overexploitation of global fisheries has stabilized, but steep challenges remain to ensure their sustainability

31. Water Supply
The world is on track to meet the drinking water target, though much remains to be done in some regions
Accelerated and targeted efforts are needed to bring drinking water to all rural households
Safe water supply remains a challenge in many parts of the world
With half the population of developing regions without sanitation, the 2015 target appears to be out of reach
Disparities in urban and rural sanitation coverage remain daunting
Improvements in sanitation are bypassing the poor

32. MDG #8:
Developing countries gain greater access to the markets of developed countries
Least developed countries benefit most from tariff reductions, especially on their agricultural products
Aid continues to rise despite the financial crisis, but Africa is short-changed
Demand grows for information and communications technology
Access to the World Wide Web is still closed to the majority of the world’s people
Debt burdens ease for developing countries and remain well below historical levels