1. How Can We Change Lead Into Gold?

2. What Element is This?

3. The Four Universal Forces
Gravitational force
Electromagnetism
Weak
Strong

4. Who Discovered Radioactivity?
In 1896, Henri Becquerel, along with Pierre and Marie Curie discovered radioactive waves by placing a rock containing Uranium on a photographic plate. They shared the Nobel Prize in 1903.

5. What is Radioactive Decay?
Radioactive decay is the set of various processes by which unstable atomic nuclei emit subatomic particles (radiation).
Decay is said to occur in the parent nucleus and produces a daughter nucleus.

6. Types of Particles Identity Symbol Charge Mass (amu) Helium (Alpha)
4 α 2 +2
Electron
(Beta)
0 β -1
Photon (gamma)
0 γ
N/A
Neutron
1 n
Proton
1 p 1 +1
Positron

7. What are their properties?
Alpha: largest particle, can be stopped by paper
Beta: can be stopped by a few layers of clothing
Gamma: most penetrating, stopped by lead

8. How To Solve Nuclear Decay Problems?

9. How Can We Date Rocks?

10. Half-life: The time it takes for half the element to decay

11. Half Life Calculations
To calculate the ½ life
t1/2 = log 0.5___
log(No/N)
N = amount remaining
No = amount you started with
t = time elapsed
t1/2 = half life
x t

12. Half - Life
The half life of I-123 is 13 hours. How much of a 64 mg sample is left after 26 hours?
No = 64 mg
t = 26 hours
t1/2 = 13 hours
How many half lives have passed?
N = 64 x (0.5)2
N = 16 mg remaining

13. Half - Life Isotope Half - Life Carbon-15 2.4 seconds Radium-224
3.6 days
Radium-223
12 days
Iodine-125
60 days
Carbon-14
5700 years
Uranium-235
710,000,000 years

14. What is the difference between Fission and Fusion?
Fission: Splitting of atomic nucleus (nuclear power plant)
Fusion: Fusing of atomic nuclei (sun)
Both release large amounts of energy

15. What Are The Uses of Radioactivity?
There are many practical applications to the use of radioactivity/radiation.
Radioactive sources are used to study living organisms
To diagnose and treat diseases
To sterilize medical instruments and food
To produce energy for heat and electric power
To monitor various steps in all types of industrial processes.
To determine age of fossils