1. Orbits and Orbitals
KLM vs
spdf

2. KLM and spdf???
KLM – old style lettering for the “shells” or “orbits”. K is closest to the nucleus, L is next, M (N,O,P etc)
Now we know that KLM is “really” the “Principle Quantum Number” 1,2,3 for the energy levels
spdf – refers to the shape of the “orbital” – according to Pauli (the Pauli Exclusion Principle) no orbital can have more than 2 e- in it. (one spin up, one spin down)

3. Magic Numbers
2 – 8 – 8 –
2 – 6 – 10 – 14 (1,3,5,7)

10. Aufbau principle

13. Bonding Covalent – equal sharing of electrons
Polar Covalent - unequal sharing of electrons
Ionic
-total stealing / giving of electrons
(it’s all about the electronegativity)

14. covalent

18. ionic

28. electronegativity

29. Disclaimer
Aloha I put together these power points for use in my science classes. You may use them in your classes. Some images are public domain, some are used under the fair-use provisions of the copyright law, some are mine. Copyright is retained by the owners!
Ted Brattstrom