1. Classifying Life direct instruction

2. How do you classify an organism?
DOMAIN Did
Kingdom King
Phylum Phillip
Class Come
Order Over
Family From
Genus Great
Species Spain
There are 8 ways

3. The 3 domains
Green: Archaea, Red: Eukarya, Blue: Bacteria

4. Archaea Eukarya Bacteria The 3 domains Archaea = Ancient
Eu- karya = True- Nucleus
Bacteria = Little Stick

5. The 6 Kingdoms

6. Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The 6 Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

7. DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN ARCHAEA KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
There is only one kingdom classified under this domain
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA

8. DOMAIN BACTERIA DOMAIN BACTERIA KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
There is only one kingdom classified under this domain
DOMAIN BACTERIA
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

9. DOMAIN EUKARYA DOMAIN EUKARYA
The remaining four kingdoms are classified under this domain
DOMAIN EUKARYA
KINGDOM PLANTAE
KINGDOM PROTISTA
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
KINGDOM FUNGI

10. DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN ARCHAEA KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA
There is only one kingdom classified under this domain
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
KINGDOM ARCHAEBACTERIA

11. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Cell type:
PROKARYOTE (no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles)
Cell walls:
Cell walls WITHOUT peptidoglycan (sugar)
Number of cells:
UNICELLULAR (made of only one cell; uni = one)
Nutrition:
Autotroph (producer; makes its own food; auto =self) OR
Heterotroph (consumer; must feed on other organisms; hetero = different)

12. 3 Types: Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and Korarchaeota.

13. Archaebacteria the in between
similarities to both other prokaryotes & eukaryotes.
In structure, they are like unicellular prokaryotes
the genetic transcription and translation are like that of eukaryotes
Have unique lipid (fat) structure of their cellular membrane
Live in primordial environments
Korarchaeota, in particular, have been singled out as the closest organisms yet found to the universal ancestor

14. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Found in EXTREME environments on Earth
THERMOPHILES
Therm = temperature; philes = loving; these are Heat loving organisms
Think of how warm a THERMAL blanket is
Some obtain energy from SULFUR = chemitroph
Live in boiling hot springs or volcanoes

15. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Found in EXTREME environments on Earth
HALOPHILES
Halo from halogen family (F, Cl , Br, I ) on periodic table
Salt loving organisms
Live in very salty water such as the dead sea

16. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Found in EXTREME environments on Earth
METHANOGENS
exhale METHANE GAS as an anerobic waste product
Live in anaerobic areas: swamps, wetlands, bogs, mammal digestive systems, earth’s crust
CH4 = Methane
(chemical structure)

17. DOMAIN BACTERIA DOMAIN BACTERIA KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
There is only one kingdom classified under this domain
DOMAIN BACTERIA
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

18. Kingdom Eubacteria Cell type: Cell walls: Number of cells: Nutrition:
PROKARYOTE (no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles)
Cell walls:
Cell walls WITH peptidoglycan (sugar)
Number of cells:
UNICELLULAR
Nutrition:
Autotroph (producer; makes its own food) OR Heterotroph (consumer; must feed on other organisms)

19. Kingdom Eubacteria Found in practically every environment on Earth!!
Most abundant of all living organisms
Includes Bacillus anthracis (causes anthrax), and Streptococcus pyogenes (causes strep throat)
There is probably more bacteria living in your body than there are people in the world! Along with fungi they make up our normal flora.

20. DOMAIN EUKARYA DOMAIN EUKARYA
The remaining four kingdoms are classified under this domain
DOMAIN EUKARYA
KINGDOM PLANTAE
KINGDOM PROTISTA
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
KINGDOM FUNGI

21. Kingdom Protista Cell type: Cell walls: Number of cells: Nutrition:
EUKARYOTE (contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles)
Cell walls:
Plant-like: Cell walls with cellulose
Fungus-like: cell walls with chitin
Animal-like: NO
Number of cells:
UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR
Nutrition:
Autotroph (producer; make their own food) And/Or Heterotroph (consumer; must feed on other organisms)

22. Kingdom Protista= called protists
Wide variety of species that mostly live in water
Animal-like protists
Plant-like protists
Fungus-like protists

23. Protozoans: Animal-like Protists
All unicellular, heterotrophs; no cell wall
divided into four basic groups based on how they move and live.
Phyla:
Amoeba- have psuedopods
Ciliates- have cilia Ex: Paramecium
Flagellates–have flagella Ex: Giardia
Sporazoans–parasitic Ex: Plasmodium vivax
that causes malaria

24. Plant-like Protists
unicellular/multicellular/colonies, all autotrophic
divided into four basic groups .
Phyla:
Euglenoids
autotroph when sunny, heterotroph when dark; unicellular; mostly fresh water;some have flagella
Dinoflagellates
Unicellular; 2 flagella; fluoresce; found in ocean (ride tide)
Diatoms
Unicellular; translucent cell walls made of silica;
Algea
Green: most unicellular, some colonies, few multicellular; live in fresh/salt water, and on land;
Red: “sea weed”; live in deep salt water
Brown: “sea weed”; live in salt water; air bladders

25. Fungus-like Protists
All unicellular/multicellular; heterotrophs (decomposers)
Reproduce by forming spores
divided into three basic groups
Ex:
Water Molds
live in water or moist environments
Downy Mildews
Slime Molds
Colorful, live in moist soil or on decaying plants; pseudopod stage

26. Kingdom Plantae Cell type: Cell walls: Number of cells: Nutrition:
EUKARYOTE (contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles)
Cell walls:
Cell walls with cellulose
Number of cells:
MULTICELLULAR
Nutrition:
Autotroph (producer; make their own food)

27. Kingdom Plantae Found in many different environments on Earth
Flowering seed plants
Roses
Nonflowering seed plants
Pine trees
Seedless vascular plants (veins)
Ferns
Nonvascular plants
Mosses

28. Kingdom Fungi Cell type: Cell walls: Number of cells: Nutrition:
EUKARYOTE
(contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles)
Cell walls:
Cell walls – contain chitin (same chitin as in exoskeletons of insects, crustaceans, etc.)
Number of cells:
MOST MULTICELLULAR
Nutrition:
Saprophytic heterotroph, saprophyte=obtain nutrients from dead organic matter

29. Kingdom Fungi Found in many different environments on Earth
Zoom out
hyphae
mycelia
Found in many different environments on Earth
Most exist as HYPHAE – slender filaments
Ex: mushrooms, yeast, bread mold
Fungi are DECOMPOSERS and feed by ABSORPTION
They digest their food, and then eat it! They secrete out their digestive juices, and then absorb the digested materials right into their cells!
How they obtain nutrients by absorption is how you can distinguish fungi from other eukaryotic organisms

30. Kingdom Animalia Cell type: Cell walls: Number of cells: Nutrition:
EUKARYOTE (contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles)
Cell walls:
NO cell walls
Number of cells:
MULTICELLULAR
Nutrition:
Heterotroph (consumer; must feed on other organisms)

31. Kingdom Animalia Live in the water, on land, and in the air
Range in size from a few millimeters to many meters
Includes everything from sponges and insects, to worms and parrots, and humans!!!

32. All Cells (life) Have: Cellular membranes Cytosol/ Cytoplasm Ribosomes
Organelle that makes proteins from genetic material