1. Waterhouse Hawkins: Dinosaur Artist
by Barbara Kerley

2. IC12: Summarize with evidence from the reading (Reading GLE 2.1.7)
1 Which sentence best summarizes the selection?
A. Hawkins studied many other animals before creating his own models.
B. Hawkins used research and talent to create the first realistic models of dinosaurs.
C. People were unfamiliar with the size of dinosaurs before Hawkins’s models.
D. Scientists today base research studies on Hawkins’s early dinosaur models.
IC12: Summarize with evidence from the reading (Reading GLE 2.1.7)

3. Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
2 Is the following statement a reasonable conclusion the reader may draw from the selection?
Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
Provide two details from the selection to support your answer.
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IT19: Evaluate reasoning and ideas/themes related to the text (Reading GLE 2.4.1, 2.4.5)

4. 2
A 2-point response states or implies whether or not the statement is a reasonable conclusion and provides two text-based details to support the answer.
Example: (yes) I think the statement is a reasonable conclusion because Hawkins’ models did contribute to a greater understanding of dinosaurs by showing the first life-size models based on the fossils and he read the scientific reports to get the details right. OR
Example: (no) This is not a good statement for a conclusion because Hawkins’ models didn’t really contribute to a greater understanding of dinosaurs since they were inaccurate in many ways. Besides, how could they be that great if they frightened children who saw them in the park?
Example: (yes and no) This is a good conclusion because by showing the first life size models of ancient animals, Hawkins did contribute to a greater understanding of dinosaurs. But his contributions were not really that great since the models were not completely accurate. 1
A 1-point response states or implies whether or not the statement is a reasonable conclusion and provides one text-based detail to support the answer.

5. Text-based details may include, but are not limited to:
No one knew what dinosaurs looked like / gave the world first look / made the world’s first dinosaur models
Never found complete skeleton of dinosaur
Fossils looked like dry bones or oddly-shaped stones
Changed our view of dinosaurs
Hawkins read scientific reports
He studied the fossils / measured the fossils to learn how big they are
Compared fossils to the skeletons of living animals / looked at skeleton of iguana
Filled in the blanks for the missing bones
Studied living animals to decide how the dinosaurs might have stood / determined details / shape of nails / color of skin
Owen gave the final approval for Hawkins’ designs
40,000 visitors came to see models at Crystal Palace Park
Visitors were amazed by Hawkins’ dinosaurs
Children were frightened by creations
Scientists discovered more fossils / learned more about dinosaurs
Models were not completely accurate
Iguanodon is not a cousin of the modern iguana
Horn on nose was actually a thumb spike
Megalosaurus and Iguanodon walked on two feet, not four
The spikes on Hylaeosaurus probably ran from shoulder to hip instead of down the spine
New discoveries did not lessen the Hawkins’ contribution to science / Hawkins contributed to science
Other artists will continue to follow in the footsteps of the first “dinosaur artist”
Hawkins’ models used to illustrate a children’s book / illustrations introduced a new generation to the first dinosaur models
Models still stand today

6. Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.2
2 Is the following statement a reasonable conclusion the reader may draw from the selection?
Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
Provide two details from the selection to support your answer.
This response provides two text-based details to support whether or not the statement is a reasonable conclusion.
T. “These new discoveries do not lessen the contribution Hawkins made to science.”
U. “...other artists will continue to follow in the footsteps of the first “Dinosaur Artist”.”

7. Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.2
2 Is the following statement a reasonable conclusion the reader may draw from the selection?
Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
Provide two details from the selection to support your answer.
This response provides two text-based details to support whether or not the statement is a
reasonable conclusion.
O. ...scientist found a bunch of things that were incorrect about his models...
B. ...Hawkins couldn’t find all of the bones from the dinosaurs.

8. Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.1
2 Is the following statement a reasonable conclusion the reader may draw from the selection?
Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
Provide two details from the selection to support your answer.
This response provides one text-based detail to support whether or not the statement is a reasonable conclusion.
A. ...he made the first, life size dinosaurs people had ever seen…

9. Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
2 Is the following statement a reasonable conclusion the reader may draw from the selection?
Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
Provide two details from the selection to support your answer.
The response does not provide text-based details to support whether or not the statement is a reasonable conclusion.

10. Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
2 Is the following statement a reasonable conclusion the reader may draw from the selection?
Hawkins’s models contributed to a greater understanding of dinosaurs.
Provide two details from the selection to support your answer.
The response does not provide text-based details to support whether or not the statement is a reasonable conclusion.

11. 3 What is the meaning of the word skeleton as it is used in paragraph 7 of the selection?
A. Cement mold
B. Large columns
C. Sturdy covering
D. Supporting structure
IC14: Interpret vocabulary critical to the meaning of the text (Reading GLE 1.3.2)

12. 4 Based on the selection, what can you assume about models of dinosaurs
that would be made today?
A. Today’s models of dinosaurs would be different from Hawkins’s models.
B. Today’s models of dinosaurs would be made from iron and cement.
C. Today’s models of dinosaurs would all be made in Great Britain.
D. Today’s models of dinosaurs would be less scary for children.
IC13: Make inferences or predictions based on the reading (Reading GLE 2.1.5)

13. 5 What are two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time? Provide information from the selection in your answer.
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IT19: Evaluate reasoning and ideas/themes related to the text (Reading GLE 2.4.1, 2.4.5)

14. 2
A 2-point response provides text-based information to identify two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time.
Example: Two differences between what we know about dinosaurs today and what Hawkins knew in 1852 are that we now know an Iguanodon is not a cousin of the modern iguana like Hawkins thought and that the Megalosaurus and Iguanodon walked on two feet, not on four as Hawkins showed in his models. 1
A 1-point response provides text-based information to identify one difference between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time.

15. Text-based differences may include, but are not limited to:
No one knew what dinosaurs looked like / over time, scientists learned more about dinosaurs
Found scattered dinosaur fossils / never a complete skeleton / have discovered more fossils
Looked at the skeleton of the iguana for his Iguanodon design / close relatives / iguanodon is not a cousin of the modern iguana
Models seemed true to life back in 1854 / Hawkins’ models were not completely accurate
Horn placed on the dinosaurs nose / horn was actually a thumb spike
Megalosaurus and Iguanodon walked on four feet / four feet / Megalosaurus and Iguanodon walked on two feet / two feet
Spikes on Hylaeosaurus ran down the spine / spikes on Hylaeosaurus ran from shoulder to hip

16. 2
5 What are two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time? Provide information from the selection in your answer.
This response provides text-based information to identify two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time.
D. ...Hawkins was not accurate...
C. ...Iguanodon is not a cousin of the modern Iguana.
This response also provides additional text-based information to identify differences.
F. ...Megalosaurus and Iguanodon walked on two feet, not four.
E. ...the horn placed on Iguandon’s nose was actually a thumb spike.

17. 5 What are two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time? Provide information from the selection in your answer. 2
This response provides text-based information to identify two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time.
B. ...Hawkins didn’t have the complete skeletons of the dinosaurs,...scientists discovered more fossils.
G. ...Hawkins put the spikes on the back of the Hylaeosaurus instead of the sides.

18. 5 What are two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time? Provide information from the selection in your answer. 1
This response provides text-based information to identify one difference between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time.
C. ...Hawkins comparied his to animals that looked alike...

19. 5 What are two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time? Provide information from the selection in your answer. 1
This response provides text-based information to identify one difference between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time.
A. Scientist know a lot more about dinosaurs to make anything because of many years of...discovery.

20. 5 What are two differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time? Provide information from the selection in your answer.
The response does not provide text-based information to identify differences between what Hawkins knew about dinosaurs when he built the models and what scientists have discovered about dinosaurs since that time.

21. 6 What generalization can a reader make about building animal models from fossils?
A. Building an animal model from fossils recreates an exact image of the animal.
B. Building an animal model from fossils requires the complete animal skeleton.
C. Building an animal model from fossils requires a picture of the animal.
D. Building an animal model from fossils combines art and science.
IT20: Extend information beyond text (make generalizations beyond the text to a broader idea or concept, or apply information to other texts or situations, or give a response to a reading)
(Reading GLEs 2.4.1, 2.4.5)

22. 7 Based on the selection, why were Hawkins’s models inaccurate?
A. The models of dinosaurs looked like oddly-shaped stones.
B. Making models was too much like building a house.
C. The models were based on incomplete skeletons.
D. It was difficult to build large models.
IA17: Make connections (cause and effect) within a text (Reading GLE 2.3.1)