1. Shifting from TEACHING to LEARNING approaches
Marion Muehlen, EPIET Scientific Coordinator, ECDC Public Health Training Section, Stockholm, Sweden

2. Acknowledgement Based on material and lectures from Angela Giusti
Public Health Researcher, MSc Adult Education
National Institute of Health, Rome –
Sonsoles Guerra Liaño & Biagio Pedalino

3. Objectives Recognize different thinking and learning styles
Apply the brain dominance tool to learning contexts
Describe the characteristics of the adult learner
Experience different styles in a working group
Design a training unit for a specific target group
Employ strategies that promote active participation and involvement of adult learners in training units

4. Warm up excercise

5. Who are we? Who are the participants? The Herrmann’s whole brain model
Source: Whole Brain Model, by Ned Herrmann

6. WHOLE BRAIN ACTIVITY

7. What are the Four Brain Quadrants?
Analyze
Facts, logic, statistics, data
Rationale for listening, taking action, making decisions
What?
Organize
Details, arranged systematically (linearly, sequentially)
Safety, reliability, history
How?
Personalize
Emotional connection between speaker and listener
(strong motivational factor)
Who?
Strategize
Big picture, future vision
Explores possibilities, sets long-term goals
Why?
Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) and Whole Brain Thinking Model)

8. Relationship Between Brain Dominance and Competencies
INTEREST
PREFERENCE
MOTIVATION
weak
STRONG
COMPETENCE
low
HIGH
Source: Whole Brain Model, by Ned Herrmann

9. ADULT LEARNING PRINCIPLES

10. Adult learners are goal oriented

11. Are practical and problem-centered
Provide overviews, summaries, examples
Use stories to link theory to practice
Discuss/plan for direct application of new information
Use collaborative, authentic problem-solving activities
Anticipate problems applying the new ideas to their setting (trainer => offer suggestions)
Less theory, more practice

12. What does this mean for the trainer?

13. Promote their positive self-esteem
Provide low-risk activities in small group settings
Build individual success incrementally
Become more effective and confident through guided practice and establishing routines
Readiness to learn depends on motivation

14. Allow for choice and self-direction
Ask what they know already about the topic
Ask what they would like to know about the topic
Compare desired behaviors (goals) & actual behaviors
Allow for options so you can easily shift if needed
The unknown Unknowns: use learners perception of needs vs. research on needs vs. organizational needs to guide your planning

15. Experience is a motorway for the
learning process

16. Integrate existing knowledge with new ideas
Capitalize on what is already know from prior experience
Create activities that use their experience and knowledge
Listen and collect data about participant needs before, during and after the event
Adjust time and build in options for topics to fit their needs
Suggest follow-up ideas and next steps for support and implementation after the session
Provide for the possible need to unlearn old habits or confront inaccurate beliefs

17. Show respect for the learner
Breaks, snacks, coffee, comfort
Use everybody’s time effectively and efficiently
Provide a quality, well organized, experience
Avoid jargon and don't "talk down" to participants
Validate and affirm their knowledge, contributions and successes
Request feedback on your work, assumptions, or ideas
Provide input opportunities
Choice of words (different cultural backgrounds)

18. Challenges in Adult Learning
Lack of confidence in learning capacity
Fear of looking weak in the group
Want to avoid making mistakes
Reduced speed of learning (but more “in depth”)
More resistant to change
Highly conservative
Difficulty accepting views of others
Wide inter-individual differences
Based on “The adult Learner”, by Malcom S. Knowles et al, 2005

19. TOOTHPICK TREES ACTIVITY

20. Toothpick tree activity
6 Groups (= 3min presentation groups) Material provided: 1 pen 2 sheets of paper 9 toothpicks Instructions: It has to be a collaborative design SILENCE, but laughing is allowed Free role distribution within the group

21. Instructions
Using the toothpicks, try to make as many trees as you can without repetitions
A tree is defined as having (at least) 1 trunk and (at least) 3 branches
Toothpicks CANNOT be broken to produce more trees!

22. Instructions Draw each new tree on the sheet of paper
ONLY trees that have been created with the toothpicks can be drawn on the sheet of paper
You have 5 minutes!

23. Think in the group for 5´:
Name a “reporter” and answer these questions:
How many trees did you draw?
What happend during the activity?
What did you observe?
Did you develop a group strategy?
Any lesson learnt for the next
group activity?

24. More questions: How did you feel in the group?
What was your reaction to the task?
Which was your role?
How did you assign the roles?
How did you feel about the person who was slow at seeing the solutions? If you were that person, how did you feel?
Was there a climate that helped or hindered? How was the climate?
Other observations, comments, learning points?

25. Teaching and learning:
MATERIALS AND METHODS

26. Teaching and learning methods
Coaching Cine forum Debriefing Case study Counselling Brainstorming Guided discussion Group discussion Field experience Guided practice Demonstration Metaplan Lecture
Modeling
Role playing
Microteaching
Problem solving
Reading information
Problem-based learning
Project work (ind. or group)
Skill practice (ind. or group)
Theatre of the oppressed
Research (ind. or group)
Self-case study
Theatre forum
Simulation
More info about teaching methods

27. Learning environments

28. Learning environments

29. Five levels of training impact and evaluation
1   Are the trainees satisfied?
2   What have the trainees learned?
3   What do trainees do differently in the workplace?
4   What is the effect on the output of the trainee’s team or department?
 How has the training contributed to achieving public health objectives?
The main focus of each evaluation level is as follows:
K Level 1: The purpose of this level of evaluation is to find out how the par- ticipants react to the training. Did they feel that it met their needs, was it organized efficiently, were the premises suitable? Basically, trainees should appreciate their period of training and should be satisfied with it.

30. The facilitator’s role
The facilitator proposes a range of methods and activities to promote an effective learning process, that includes:
Creating a supportive environment
Creating a mechanism for a continuing shared training/learning process (objectives, methods, activities, evaluation)
Meeting trainee’s individual learning needs
Making course content relevant and coherent with expressed needs
Using a variety of teaching methods and providing learning opportunities, consistent with objectives and group needs
Using bi-directional sensitive feedback to correct and reinforce
Making a continuous participated assessment of the learning process and acting consequently

31. From health goals to learning objectives

32. The Training Planning in Public Health
Performance
Evaluation
Monitoring
Process and Outcome
Evaluation
Traning Realization
Problem analysis
Evaluation plan setting
Supervision
HEALTH GOALS definition
Project cycle
in public health
Training cycle
Learning strategies
and methods definition
Strategies choice
Realization
Expected results and activities definition
Learning objectives
definition
Resources provision
Learning needs
analysis
Participants and tasks description
Performance goals
definition
Timetable

33. THANK YOU!