1. Photovoltaic Technology. How PV help in energy crisis
The issue of renewable energy and particularly Photovoltaic Technology, is a pet subject of mine. I am passionate about the responsibility that we have to protect our environment for future generations.
My company, Akhter Computers, provides network and communication solutions on a large scale. The Akhter Group also includes a company called Ultima Networks PLC, which is committed to providing environmentally friendly energy solutions.
Solar panel and wind turbine installations, as well as energy saving lamps, are included in the Ultima portfolio.
Today we will be looking at our increasing need for energy, the effect this is having on the planet and how we can make changes, over time, to become more responsible energy producers and consumers.
Naveed Iqbal Akhter Solar Ltd

2. ENERGY USE Worldwide Energy Consumption 1980-2030

3. Where does our energy come from?
Share of total Primary Energy Supply in 2010
10,376 Mtoe IEA Energy Statistics

4. ELECTRICITY - Energy used for Electricity Generation by Fuel Type, 2003, 2015, 2030

5. Electricity is becoming more important
Increasing percentage of Total World Energy used for Electricity Generation
Quadrillion BTU
41.6%
Electricity is becoming more important
35.6%

6. World Electricity Generation by Fuel
Focus on Electricity
World Electricity Generation by Fuel

7. Sources of Electricity in Pakistan
Focus on Electricity
Sources of Electricity in Pakistan

8. Sector wise distribution of Electricity
Focus on Electricity
Sector wise distribution of Electricity

9. ENERGY PRODUCTION Fossil fuels
+100% between 2003 – 2030
Electricity consumption increase
Need sources of data
Coal , 35%
Gas , 20%
RE, 18%
Nuclear, 17%
Oil, 10%
Main fuel type : Natural gas and Oil
Coal Gas Oil
260 yrs
70 yrs
50 yrs
Reserves are running out + Demand outstripping supply
Million metric tones equivalent
Emission of CO2
Oil, 400
Gas, 250
Coal, 100
Increase of temperature causing climate change
Prices are rising
28/03/2017 9 9

10. Supply and Demand of Electricity in Pakistan
Electricity Deficiency chart
Supply and Demand of Electricity in Pakistan
Supply and Demand Position: (MW)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Existing Generation
15,903
Proposal / Committed Generation
530
4,235
7,226
10,115
10,556
13,307
13,520
14,607
16,134
18,448
Total Existing/Commi tted Generation
16,484
20,138
23,129
26,018
26,459
29,210
29,423
30,510
32,037
34,351
Expected Available Generation
13,146
16,110
18,503
20,814
21,167
23,368
23,538
24,408
25,630
27,481
Demand (Summer Peak)
17,868
19,352
20,874
22,460
24,126
25,919
28,029
30,223
35,504
34,918
37,907
41,132
Surplus/Deficit Generation
-3,338
-1,758
-849
-60
-1,293
-758
-2,381
-3,621
-4,593
-8,023
-7,437
-10,426
-13,651
Source: Private Power and Infrastructure Board - Govt. of Pakistan

11. Core Issues of Electricity in Pakistan
45% Population without Electricity
Demand and Supply Gap
Expensive Sources of Electricity

12. Expensive Distribution
Expensive Installation
Expensive Distribution
Ultimate Solution
Standalone Solar Home System

13. PV Power Plants
Capital investment required: M US $ for 10 MW capacity
Generate enough electricity to provide Homes
Revenue stream commences from 7th month of start of project
Commercially Feasible at tariff of 18cent/KWh or 15 cent/KWh at an increment of 2% per annum for 20 years
Required Loan at soft interest rate of 2%
Land Cost should be very nominal

14. PV Power Plants
Capital investment required: M US $ for 10 MW capacity
Generate enough electricity to provide Homes
Revenue stream commences from 7th month of start of project
Commercially Feasible at tariff of 18cent/KWh or 15 cent/KWh at an increment of 2% per annum for 20 years
Required Loan at soft interest rate of 2%
Land Cost should be very nominal

15. Net Metering
Net metering is connection of small renewable energy generating system to Grid
Incentive for consumer investment in PV generation system
Low Cost easy administered
Required arrangement with local electricity provider instead of state
Feed in tariff required to announce.

18. Population Without Electricity
More than 45% population without Electricity.

19. Primary Energy Mix
Current 2010
Revised Plan 2030

20. Fossil generated per kwh
The Future
Is Bright
Example of cost recovery on an installation amortised over 25 years. Assumes an increase in fossil fuel costs of 5% pa.
PV generated per kwh
Fossil generated per kwh
Once a PV installation has been made, it will require minimum maintenance.
This graph shows a £14,000 installation, written off over 25 years.
After 25 years – the electricity is free!
Advances in technology will bring PV costs down (max technology / minimum labour).
Increases in labour costs will drive fossil fuel prices up (labour intensive, most technological innovations have been made). 20

21. Solar Energy The ULTIMATE source. How much is available?
The sun’s rays provide enough energy to supply 10,000 times the TOTAL energy requirement of mankind.
So, how do we harness it?
Solar Thermal
Photovoltaic

22. Photovoltaic Possible materials to make PV cells
CdTe Cadmium Telluride
CiGs Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide
Polymers
Solar power market share by technology
Silicon Amorphous Thin Film Mono crystalline Multi crystalline

23. The Chain “Sand” Metallurgical Grade Silicon Electronic Grade Chunks
Ingot
Modules
Bars
Strings
Wafers
Just hit return once to drive the whole graphic
Cells

24. Market Size
By 2010, there is realistic potential for $30bn in solar power system sales 24

25. Production Cost Improvements
Thinner wafers mean greater efficiency in price AND performance

26. Produced in Low labour cost area
Cost Breakdown
Produced in Low labour cost area
10.5%
2.6%
8.9%
78%
(Labour cost $2/hour)

27. Produced in High labour cost area
Cost Breakdown
Produced in High labour cost area
(Labour cost $10/hour)
10%
12% 9%
71%

28. Estimate of global average solar module prices
Price Trend
Estimate of global average solar module prices
US$/watt

29. Viability
Over 2 billion people in the developing world have no access to electricity. For these people, PV is probably the most economical power source today.
It is anticipated that within the next 5 to 10 years, PV will become cost competitive with traditional power sources in countries with extensive electrical infrastructure (like the US and Europe).

30. Rising Oil Prices

31. Future Developments
R&D is focused on increasing conversion efficiency and reducing cell manufacturing cost, to reduce electricity generation cost.
Improved crystallisation processes for high quality, low-cost silicon wafers
Advanced silicon solar cell device structures and manufacturing processes
Technology transfer of high efficiency solar cell processes from the
laboratory to high volume production
Reduction of the silicon wafer thickness to reduce the consumption of silicon
Stable, high efficiency thin-film cells to reduce semiconductor materials costs
Novel organic and polymer solar cells with potentially low manufacturing cost
Solar concentrator systems using lenses or mirrors to focus the sunlight onto small-area, high-efficiency solar cells

32. Thank you
Naveed Iqbal Akhter Solar Ltd