1. European Renaissance and Reformation
Unit 4
Chapter 17
(p )

2. I. The Renaissance Description What? Revival of art and learning
When?
Where? Italy
Why? Middle Ages brought plague and war, the survivors wanted to celebrate life. Educated men and women hoped to bring back the culture of classical Greece and Rome. Led to NEW styles of art and lit. & the importance of the individual

3. The Renaissance (cont’d)
Italy’s advantages
Thriving cities
Crusades spread trade which led to cities, especially in Northern Italy.
Ideal breeding ground for an intellectual revolution
Crusades killed 60% of those people. Survivors could demand higher wages. Merchants pursued other interests=ART

4. The Renaissance (cont’d)
Wealthy Merchant Class
Developed in each city-state
b/c they were small, lots of people could participate in political life
Individual achievement became important
Medici family ruled Florence
Banking family
Ruled as dictators with appearance of being a republic

5. The Renaissance (cont’d)
Heritage of Greece and Rome
Wanted to Return to the learning of ancient Greece and Rome
Drew inspiration from the ruins of Rome
Studied ancient Latin manuscripts
Christian scholars had fled to Rome in 1453 with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople

6. The Renaissance (cont’d)
Values
Humanism: focused on human potential and achievements
Secular: worldly rather than spiritual
Patrons: financially supported artists
The Renaissance Man: a man who excelled in many fields (art, literature, athletics, educated, etc.)
The Renaissance Woman: upper class women were expected to be educated and charming as well

7. II. Art Revolutionizes Styles Change Perspective: 3-d
Individuals emphasized; prominent people being painted (realistic looking)

8. Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
Artists
Leonardo da Vinci
Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist
Mona Lisa
The Last Supper

10. Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
Michelangelo
Sculptor, poet, architect; realistic style to portray human body
Statue of David
Sistine Chapel

12. Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
Raphael
Learned from Michelangelo and Leonardo
School of Athens
Painted Mic, Leo, and himself

13. Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
Anguissola and Gentileschi
Famous women painters

14. Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)
Literature changes
Vernacular: native language
Machiavelli: famous author, The Prince
Imperfect conduct of people
Most are selfish, fickle, and corrupt
Prince must be strong and shrewd

15. III. Northern Renaissance
Renaissance Spreads North
1494, French king claimed throne in Naples, war erupts.
Renaissance writers and artists fled North and took their ideas with them

16. Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
France:
da Vinci invited to retire in France and hired to paint king’s palace
Germany:
Hans Holbein paints portraits with picture like quality
Flanders:
Starts oil-based painting still used today; portrayed everyday peasant life including weddings, dances, and harvests

17. Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
Northern writers try to reform society
Christian Humanists:
wanted to reform society; encourage people to live a Christian life
Promoted the education of women and founded schools attended by both girls and boys
Thomas More: Utopia; tried to show a better model of society

18. Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
Women’s reforms
Christine de Pizan; very educated for the time; wrote books, manuscripts, short stories and questioned treatment of boys and girls

19. IV. Elizabethan Age What? Renaissance in England
Queen Elizabeth reigned
Very well educated, spoke French, Italian, Latin, Greek; wrote poetry and music
Huge supporter of art and lit

20. Northern Renaissance (cont’d)
William Shakespeare: most famous writer of Elizabethan Age
Regarded as greatest playwright of all time
Works display masterful command of the English language and a deep understanding of human nature
Macbeth, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer’s Night Dream

21. V. Printing Press Johann Gutenburg 1440; developed printing press
that incorporated new technologies; made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply
Produce hundreds of copies
Went from producing 1 book in 5 months, to producing 500 books in 5 months
Perhaps the most important invention of all time!!

22. Legacy of the Renaissance
Changes in Art
Drew on techniques from Greece and Rome
more realistic
Writers used vernacular
Praised individual achievement
Changes in Society
Printing made more info available for society
Increased desire to learn
New maps & charts further discoveries
Made laws clear so people able to understand rights
Christian humanists changed views on how society should be
People begin to question political structures and religious practices