1. OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.

3. Environment Nile River flows north longest in world
flooding provides silt
predictable
farming
wheat
barley
irrigation
travel & trade

4. Environment Nile River
worshipped by Egyptians as god who gave them life
East – land of living
sunrise
cities, temples
West – land of dead
sunset
tombs

5. Environment Deserts lack of rain Arabian Libyan
east of Nile
Libyan
west of Nile
both are part of Sahara
Villages & cities built along Nile River
first farming villages about 5000 BCE

6. Quick Write
What are some geographical similarities between Egypt and Mesopotamia?

7. Egypt Unites Menes (Narmer) Pschent
King who united Upper & Lower Egypt into one kingdom
Double crown around 3000 BCE
Capital at Memphis
Deshret of Lower Egypt
Hedjet of Upper Egypt

8. Ptolemy VI

9. Pharaohs: God Kings Theocracy Pharaohs
government in which rule is based on religious authority
Pharaohs
fully responsible for kingdom
religion
military
run government
promote justice & truth
believed to make sun rise

10. Pharaohs: God Kings Ka eternal life force of king
continued after death
needs & pleasures must continue to be met

11. Pharaohs: God Kings Pyramids final resting place
represent economic strength, technology & leadership of Egyptian civilization

12. Religion Polytheistic more than 2000 gods & goddesses
believed in afterlife
Anubis
weighed each dead person’s heart
all classes prepared for burials
upper classes had great tombs
filled with clothes, gems, tools, art

14. Ancient Egyptians Part II
OBJECTIVE: Analyze the cultural achievements of the Ancient Egyptians.

15. Pyramids
built by peasants
Giza
completed about BCE

17. Pyramid of Khufu an almost perfect square (deviation .05%)
Orientation is exactly North, South, East, West
2,300,000 blocks, almost 500 ft high
20 years to build
Average block weighs 2.5 tons
Some weigh 9 tons!

18. Social Classes king, queen, family
wealthy landowners, gov’t officials, priests, army commanders
artisans & merchants
peasant farmers & laborers
largest
slaves from war

19. Writing Hieroglyphics “sacred carving” started with pictures
grew to resemble an alphabet
first on stone & clay
later papyrus

20. Writing
The Rosetta Stone
discovered by Napoleon’s troops
1799

21. Calendar Features: 365 days 12 months 30 days each 5 holidays tracked:
flooding
planting
harvesting

22. Artwork

23. Art

24. History Old Kingdom 2660-2160 BCE
ends with decline of pharaohs influence
civil wars

25. History Middle Kingdom 2060-1750 BCE strong pharaohs
restored order
improved irrigation, trade, transportation with canal from Nile to Red Sea
Hyksos invade
from Palestine
rule from BCE

26. History New Kingdom 1550-1070 BCE
Ahmose I expelled the invading Hyksos and reunited Egypt
Known as the Empire period

27. History New Kingdom Militaristic & imperialistic nature
incorporated chariot, bronze, horses
development of a professional army
became a slave based economy fueled by war and expansion

28. History Ramses II 1279-1213 BCE greatest New Kingdom ruler
military leader of Egypt
expanded into southern Turkey
built many monuments to himself
last gasp of Egyptian power