Radio Resource Measurement k and its Specification

Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Radio Resource Measurement 802.11k and its Specification + This presentation provides an overview of the background requirements and issues around radio resources and how the 11k specification satisfies the requirement. Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Agenda - Why Radio Resource Measurement now?
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Agenda - Why Radio Resource Measurement now? Existing Measurement Approach Proposed 11k Approach Requirements Issues Futures Conclusions The presentation follows the path of presenting the need, the existing approach, the proposed approach, and then addresses specific requirements, issues, and futures. The need for RRM now is to address some of the existing issues in using unlicensed radio environments and to meet the requirements of emerging technologies while using the knowledge about the radio environment to improve performance and reliability. The existing measurements and information about them are inadequate to move ahead to the next generation of WLAN The proposed 11k approach, from the PAR and 5 criteria, is to add measurements that extend the capability, reliability, and maintainability of WLANs There are new technologies needing more measurement and capability. These technologies include VOIP, Video Over IP, and location as well as the variety of places where WLANs are operated (multifamily dwellings, airplanes, municipalities, etc). Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Military Communications Needs
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Military Communications Needs Connectivity Space Layer: Airborne Layer: Maneuver Layer: WIN-T WIN-T Tactical Tactical Sensors Unattended Ground Layer: Robotics Munitions Assured Communications Anywhere in the World Without Fixed Infrastructure and Zero Setup Time Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Connexion by Boeing Connexion by BoeingSM People working together
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Connexion by BoeingSM Connexion by Boeing People working together To revolutionize the way we work, communicate, entertain ourselves and relax while mobile. Example of being used in the air by Connexion by Boeing. The cabin environment is particularly unique in that it is effectively a waveguide with a large number of bags of water (people). Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Connexion by BoeingSM Onboard Wireless LAN connects passengers to Connexion offboard service Certified usage of passenger wireless devices during BA & DLH trials in the first half of 2003 Full-scale launch of service in April 2004 The configurations onboard are generally 3-7 APs per aircraft. Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 787 The Boeing new airplane is E-Enabled with WLANs for the crew, the cabin, inflight entertainment systems, and even sensors. Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Flight Test August 2002 doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/506r0
Many aspects of an airplane must be tested for reliability, availability, and maintainability. The WLAN is the transport for these sensors to communicate to the appropriate authorities about issues or problems before they become difficult. Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Future Allocation & Utilization
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Future Allocation & Utilization Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization Opportunities Exist in Time, Frequency, and Geography RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy Allocations, Assignments, and Incumbents Vary by Country Heavy Use Heavy Use Sparse Use Medium Use Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse Activity Temporal Usage Characteristics Vary by Band & Service Potential for Usage Dependent on Incumbent Service & Equipment DARPA is already well into preparing the wireless industry to use unused bandwidth all across the radio spectrum. In the eyes of the FCC, IEEE has been the provider of tolerance and usability in unlicensed frequencies. IEEE k is the next step in providing such use of unlicensed frequencies by making more information available. This information is then used by the end device or by network management entities to develop radio management techniques to provide network resources stability. Static Spectrum Management is Limited in Its Ability to Improve Spectrum Utilization Efficiencies Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 What is the XG Program? Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20) Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate systems RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically The XG program from DARPA is a contractual development of the technology to use all frequencies that are not being used in a particular geographical region. XG Systems Will Opportunistically Utilize Unoccupied Spectrum in Time, Space, and Frequency Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Key Technologies The key technologies of XG are illustrated here. IEEE k addresses or partially addresses the Autonomous Dynamic Spectrum utilization, the sensing of spectrum monitoring, and detecting and reacting to autonomous waveforms. Develop Both the Enabling Technology and the System Concepts to Dynamically Use Spectrum Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 RRM Extension Options RRM blue stars show the location of RRM extensions, though RRM pink stars are remotely possible. RRM Applications are outside the specs. SME RRM Applications (outside 802.11) MAC SAP MAC MLME RRM RRM MLME SAP PHY SAP PLME SAP PLCP PLME RRM RRM PLME SAP IEEE k addresses the MAC, the MLME, the primitives, and its interface to upper layers. PMD SAP PMD RRM Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 11k Scope This Task Group will define Radio Resource Measurement enhancements to provide mechanisms to higher layers for radio and network measurements. This statement confines 11k to the defining enhancements to by providing radio resource measurements and providing a way for those to be delivered to higher layers in the communications stack. Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Relationship of RCPI, Operating Point, Sensitivity, SNR
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Relationship of RCPI, Operating Point, Sensitivity, SNR Received Channel Power Operating Margin Minimum Operating Point Multipath observed Impairment input SNR Rx Sensitivity Rx Implementation Loss Theoretical Operating Point Actual minimum input SNR needed to Rx Input Signal Theorertical support datarate There is a quite complex relationship between the different radio measurements. This diagram shows some of the interdependencies and relationships between some of these measurements. needed to support datarate Rx Input Noise & Interference Channel Noise & Interference dBm Rx Equivalent Input Noise Noise Figure Thermal Noise Floor (-101.5 dBm) Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

TGh layer management model
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 TGh layer management model Extract from h-D2.1.32, which addresses some measurement extensions for DFS and TPC. MAC Timing Measurement Processing Policy Channel Switch Decision Frames SME MLME Timing PLME MREQUEST /MREPORT Measurement Policy MEASURE CHANNEL SWITCH IEEE h addressed a number of the request/response mechanism issues while addressing radar in Europe and the need for measurements to move away from the radars. The 11h mechanisms were adopted by 11k for use and actually are the foundation for providing the 11k measurements. Figure 26 – Layer Management Model Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 11h PLME MLME SME MAC Timing Channel Switch Timing Decision Channel Switch CHANNEL SWITCH Measurement Processing MEASURE Measurement Policy Measurement Frames MREQUEST /MREPORT IEEE h illustrated side by side in terms of the specification and the 11h figures show that request/response mechanism used to pass information between STAs. This same concept is used in 11k to exchange information about measurements. /MREPORT MREQUEST MLME SME Measurement Frames Measurement Policy Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

WLAN Context Transfer Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R The following animation shows the abilities that knowing the radio and network environment can provide to the APs and to the STAs. This is a roaming iPAQ that is moving between cells. As the roaming occurs, there are neighbor reports, pre-authentication, and information being transferred to the next cell before the actual handoff occurs. 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc) 802.11 Context Transfer Packet Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

WLAN Context Transfer Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Subnet A 802.11 802.16, 802.20, Or 802 Cellular R Subnet B 802.11 R 802.11f Context Blob (Certificates, pre-auth, address, etc) 802.11 Context Transfer Packet Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

AP Measurements Context Blob 802.11h Request For Info or Context Blob
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 AP Measurements Context Blob 802.11h Request For Info or Context Blob 10/100BaseT AP1 STA1 If one has the measurement information available, then decisions and optimization about the environment can be rendered. In this illustration, it shows the information about all the neighboring APs and neighboring STAs and shows its ability to distribute this information over a wire or over the wireless using an IAPP protocol (like F). AP Table Per STA Table Processor Certs Pre-auth User CIM Schema QoS Context Blob Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Card Measurements AP1 STA1 August 2002 doc.: IEEE 802.11-02/506r0
The same is true for the PCMCIA card or the mini-PCI card. The information about all its neighbors, both APs and STAs is observable and requestable from the individual STA. Appropriate decisions can then be made base on reliable information about the environment. Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

RRM Big Picture Application Users of Radio Information Upper
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 RRM Big Picture Application Users of Radio Information Upper Layers Presentation Session Users of Radio Information Transport Users of Radio Information IP Users of Radio Information Interface to Upper Layers MAC Radio Information MAC MAC and PHY Layers PHY Radio Information PHY Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 RRM Extension Options RRM blue stars show the likely location of RRM extensions, though RRM pink stars are (remotely) possible. RRM Applications are outside the specs. SME RRM Applications (outside 802.11) MAC SAP MAC MLME RRM RRM MLME SAP PHY SAP PLME SAP PLCP PLME RRM RRM PLME SAP PMD SAP PMD RRM Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

RRM MAC/PHY Interchanges
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 RRM MAC/PHY Interchanges Frame Report Report Request Reports NDIS SME MAC SAP MAC MLME 11h Get MLME SAP Linux RPE Histogram Req-Air PHY SAP PLME SAP PLCP PLME AP1 PLME SAP Get CCA CCA MGT STA1 PMD SAP PMD REQUESTS REPORTS Mgt Frames Beacon on Setup Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

MAC/PHY Context SME SME MLME MAC MLME MAC PLCP PLCP PLME PLME PMD PMD
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 MAC/PHY Context 802.11f Context Blob 802.11h Request for Information SME SME MLME MAC MLME MAC AP1 AP1 PLCP PLCP STA1 STA1 PLME PLME PMD PMD AP STA AP STA 802.11h Request for Information SME SME SME SME MAC PLCP PMD PLME MLME MAC PLCP PMD PLME MLME MAC PLCP PMD PLME MLME MAC PLCP PMD PLME MLME AP1 AP1 AP1 AP1 STA1 STA1 STA1 STA1 STA1 STA2 STA3 STA4 Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

MIBs – current 802.11 802.1x Bridge MIB
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 MIBs – current 802.11 Basic measurements & configuration for STA Widely implemented in APs Very simple monitoring of global AP statistics 802.1x Detailed auth state for individual 1x ports Also some per port statistics Not widely implemented in access points today Bridge MIB Possible to get some info on which STAs are associated with an AP Implemented in some APs Not specific, little MAC, and no PHY statistics Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Work from Other TGs 802.11d TGe TGi TGh dot11CountryString
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Work from Other TGs 802.11d dot11CountryString TGe dot11AssociatedStationCount dot11ChannelUtilization dot11FrameLossRate TGi Write only key access, & IV status TGh Configuration, but no status, monitoring or statistics!!! Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Purpose of Additions Enable better diagnostics of problems
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Purpose of Additions Enable better diagnostics of problems Using info that is easy and cheap to gather Enable better frequency planning, optimize network performance Enable automatic frequency planning Enable new services Location based services Voice Over IP (VOIP) Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Diagnostics Interference from non 802.11 sources
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Diagnostics Interference from non sources Interference from other networks Interference from other APs within same ESS Interference from other APs within different ESSs Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Added Station Table to MIB
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Added Station Table to MIB Station table is list of wireless STAs an AP knows about Also applicable to IBSS Currently implemented by many APs, as proprietary MIB/telnet/web interface Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Stations Listed in Table
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Stations Listed in Table Only wireless stations listed Stations that have communicated with this STA Authenticating stations Authenticated stations Associated stations WDS links Wireless stations known about through DS only (e.g. pre-auth) Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Stations communicated with
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Stations communicated with Table includes all stations a station has received any frames from For each station expose full state of communication with that station Pre RSN authentication state 802.1x port ID Further auth info can be found from 802.1x MIB Association state Detailed link statistics Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Link Statistics dot11MACStatistics Counts of
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Link Statistics dot11MACStatistics Counts of MSDUs/MPDUs received/transmitted Channel utilization in rx & tx direction Measured as total μs Data rate & modulation of last rx and tx RSNI, RCPI, and signal quality in legacy RSSI Link margin as seen by other station Available for 11h stations (undefined in specification) Either use recent measurement report, or request report for each SNMP request Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Add MAC Statistics to MIB
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Add MAC Statistics to MIB Channel utilization from TGe Total associated stations Total authenticated stations Optional events to notify mgmt station of authentication and association events Current MIB sends TRAPS on assoc/auth failures Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Events to Report Allow all events to be configurable as
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Events to Report Allow all events to be configurable as Not reported Reported as TRAP (unreliable) Reported as INFORM (reliable) Default configuration should give same events as current MIB Report all pre RSN auth/deauth events Report all association/deassocation events Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Requirements Categories
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Requirements Categories Data, Voice, Video Data – QoS, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Voice – RSSI, RCPI, RSNI, Delay, Jitter, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Video – RSSI, RCPI, RSNI, Encryption, device processor, wireless net (a, b, g, h) Diagnostics (non , , other APs) Access Point Table Station Table (BSS and IBSS) Link stats (counts, data rates, RSSI, link margin) MAC Statistics (channel utilization, total stations, events) Events (auth, deauth, associate, deassociate, current MIB) Coexistence Measurements Retries Clear Channel Assessment Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Technical Topics MIBs Signal Strength Standardizing RSSI (RCPI)
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Technical Topics MIBs Signal Strength Standardizing RSSI (RCPI) Real Time Parameters Real Time Issues Retries Measuring Transmission Speeds Measuring Throughput in WLANs VOIP Radio Resource Issues Video Radio Resource Issues Additional Information needed in the MIBs (802.1x, , 802.1p) Diagnostics Needed for Effective Mgt of WLANs Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Goal of Radio Measurement:
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Goal of Radio Measurement: Initial deployment Enable some degree of automatic radio configuration Network expansion Enable some degree of automatic radio reconfiguration Enable Radio Aware Performance (monitoring, roaming, handoff) Provide information to monitor radio performance and fix problems Facilitate better roaming Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Define Radio Configuration:
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Define Radio Configuration: A set of parameter values, individualized for each BSS in a WLAN, that determine WLAN radio performance Including, but not limited to: BSS channel/Regulatory Class AP transmit power Client transmit power limit Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

What will radio measurements allow us to do?
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 What will radio measurements allow us to do? Simplify and/or automate WLAN radio configuration Achieve better performance in dense BSS deployments Better utilize radio resources across client stations Alert WLAN administrator to problems Notify client station applications of current radio status, channel status and status of adjacent BSSs on alternate channels Each company uses measurements to add value Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 What did we measure? Attributes that characterize the WLAN radio environment on all channels Attributes that affect or reflect WLAN radio performance on all channels Attributes that are not manufacturer specific Define the simplest, smallest set of measurements required Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Two Categories of RM Statistical Measurements characterize the radio environment in a long-term statistical sense. For example, Measure traffic load as channel busy fraction1 and CSMA access delay Measure non noise & interference as received power histogram1 Identity Measurements identify stations that affect each other’s performance. For example, Identify each neighbor AP by measuring its beacon (MAC address) Identify each neighbor STA and its serving AP in a similar manner Identify hidden STA when receiving frames to STAs without receiving corresponding ACK 1: these measurements are already in h specification Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

What changes are needed in all stas?
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 What changes are needed in all stas? Wireless MAC message protocol Built on h mechanisms and measurement frames Added RRM capability bit and RRM action frame type Augmented h measurements with new requests/reports MAC firmware Handle new management frames in the wireless MAC protocol Compute measurement payloads from PHY registers and traffic Log Measurement Requests/Reports in MIB Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

What additional changes are needed in access points?
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 What additional changes are needed in access points? Process measurement requests from external entity Translate external request into measurement action at AP radio Translate request into action frame and send to client stations Perform these actions at periodic interval, if requested Accumulate, store and/or report measurements Measurements taken at the AP radio Measurements reported by client stations Method of conveyance is a separate discussion Log Measurement Requests/Reports in MIB Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

11k Requests Measurement Request Element Beacon Request
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 11k Requests Measurement Request Element Beacon Request Channel Load Request Frame Request Noise Histogram Request STA Statistics Request Location Configuration Indication (LCI) Request QoS Metrics Request (for QOS streams) Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

11k Reports Measurement Report Element Beacon Report Frame Report
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 11k Reports Measurement Report Element Beacon Report Frame Report Channel Load Report Noise Histogram Report Location Configuration Indication (LCI) Report STA Statistics Report QoS Metrics Report (for QOS streams) Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

11k Other AP Channel Report, Channel Load, Access Delay
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 11k Other AP Channel Report, Channel Load, Access Delay and Available AdmissionCapacity in beacons Neighbor Request/Report frames (lists APs in neighborhood) Link Measurement Request/Report frames (quick link test) Location Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

What should not change at any station?
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 What should not change at any station? Wireless MAC control frames and procedures Wireless MAC data frames and procedures Any hardware, including MAC and PHY Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Future Allocation & Utilization
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Future Allocation & Utilization Fixed Spectrum Assignments Lead to Inefficient Spectrum Utilization Opportunities Exist in Time, Frequency, and Geography RF Spectrum Allocated by Policy Allocations, Assignments, and Incumbents Vary by Country Heavy Use Heavy Use Sparse Use Medium Use Observations Show Bands of Local Heavy and Sparse Activity Temporal Usage Characteristics Vary by Band & Service Potential for Usage Dependent on Incumbent Service & Equipment Static Spectrum Management is Limited in Its Ability to Improve Spectrum Utilization Efficiencies Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 What is the XG Program? Develop both the Enabling Technologies and System Concepts to Dynamically Utilize Spectrum Improve Efficiency of Current, Static Assignments for Voice and Data (Threshold: Factor of 10, Objective: Factor of 20) Provide Capability to Share Spectrum with disparate systems RF emitters detect each other and adjust automatically XG Systems Will Opportunistically Utilize Unoccupied Spectrum in Time, Space, and Frequency Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Key Technologies Develop Both the Enabling Technology and the System Concepts to Dynamically Use Spectrum Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Conclusions Measurements Necessary for Future Growth
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 Conclusions Measurements Necessary for Future Growth Fast Track for Radio Resource Measurement More Control May Be Adopted as a Next Step (another task group, 11v) Future Technologies Require More Measurement Automating Radio Environment Adaptation Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

11k Status Jul 06 3rd Letter Ballot Passed
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 11k Status Jul 06 3rd Letter Ballot Passed 4th Recirculation Letter Ballot Passed Going to 5th Recirculation Letter Ballot January 07 Expect to go to Sponsor Ballot in 07 Expect to be a standard mid to late 2007 Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

For WiFi Alliance Get approval for a WFA Study Group
August 2002 doc.: IEEE /506r0 For WiFi Alliance Get approval for a WFA Study Group Request start of acceptance/testing/conformance criteria Next major step to sophistication and development VOIP Handoffs via the Neighbor Report Tools to further the standard and the industry Richard Paine, Boeing Richard Paine, Boeing

Radio Resource Measurement k and its Specification

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